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https://github.com/hongtaoh/32vis
13 January 2026, 18:38:00 UTC
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  • analyses_and_get_figures
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  • Trends_Statistics.ipynb
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Generate software citation in BibTex format (requires biblatex-software package)
Generating citation ...
Generate software citation in BibTex format (requires biblatex-software package)
Generating citation ...
Generate software citation in BibTex format (requires biblatex-software package)
Generating citation ...
Generate software citation in BibTex format (requires biblatex-software package)
Generating citation ...
Tip revision: 9960413711b0efb1f51ff7cce3548d259be8d8cb authored by Hongtao Hao on 24 May 2025, 20:13:11 UTC
Update README.md
Tip revision: 9960413
Trends_Statistics.ipynb
{
 "cells": [
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 11,
   "id": "da0cc1f9",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "import pandas as pd\n",
    "import matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n",
    "from collections import Counter\n",
    "import seaborn as sns\n",
    "import matplotlib\n",
    "font = {'family' : 'Arial',\n",
    "        'weight' : 'normal',\n",
    "        'size'   : 12}\n",
    "matplotlib.rc('font', **font)\n",
    "import altair as alt\n",
    "pd.set_option('display.max_rows', 500)\n",
    "import numpy as np"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 12,
   "id": "b87e11fb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "author = pd.read_csv('../data/ht_class/ht_cleaned_author_df.csv')\n",
    "paper = pd.read_csv('../data/ht_class/ht_cleaned_paper_df.csv')"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c86de97a",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Number of publications by year"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 13,
   "id": "877f7f98",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Year</th>\n",
       "      <th>Number of Publications</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1990-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>52</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>1991-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>1992-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>53</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>1993-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>55</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>1994-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>53</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        Year  Number of Publications\n",
       "0 1990-01-01                      52\n",
       "1 1991-01-01                      50\n",
       "2 1992-01-01                      53\n",
       "3 1993-01-01                      55\n",
       "4 1994-01-01                      53"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 13,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pub_num_df = paper.groupby(\n",
    "    'Year').size().reset_index(name = 'Number of Publications')\n",
    "pub_num_df['Year'] = pd.to_datetime(\n",
    "    pub_num_df['Year'], format=\"%Y\"\n",
    ")\n",
    "pub_num_df.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 14,
   "id": "2508935e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Year</th>\n",
       "      <th>Number of Publications</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>114</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>2018-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>127</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>129</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>30</th>\n",
       "      <td>2020-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>157</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>31</th>\n",
       "      <td>2021-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>170</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         Year  Number of Publications\n",
       "27 2017-01-01                     114\n",
       "28 2018-01-01                     127\n",
       "29 2019-01-01                     129\n",
       "30 2020-01-01                     157\n",
       "31 2021-01-01                     170"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 14,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "pub_num_df.tail()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "bae056e1",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Number of unique authors"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 15,
   "id": "2c94bd33",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "110"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 15,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# how many rows miss openalex author id\n",
    "author[author['OpenAlex Author ID'].isnull()].shape[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 16,
   "id": "1eb832d6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "author_with_author_id = author[\n",
    "    author['OpenAlex Author ID'].notnull()]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 17,
   "id": "72e1818e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Year</th>\n",
       "      <th>Number of Unique Authors</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1990-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>118</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>1991-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>126</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>1992-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>121</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>1993-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>117</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>1994-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>130</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "        Year  Number of Unique Authors\n",
       "0 1990-01-01                       118\n",
       "1 1991-01-01                       126\n",
       "2 1992-01-01                       121\n",
       "3 1993-01-01                       117\n",
       "4 1994-01-01                       130"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 17,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "unique_author_num_df = author_with_author_id.groupby(\n",
    "    'Year')['OpenAlex Author ID'].nunique().reset_index(\n",
    "    name = 'Number of Unique Authors')\n",
    "unique_author_num_df['Year'] = pd.to_datetime(\n",
    "    unique_author_num_df['Year'], format=\"%Y\",\n",
    ")\n",
    "unique_author_num_df.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 18,
   "id": "004e5d73",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Year</th>\n",
       "      <th>Number of Unique Authors</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>455</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>2018-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>494</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>551</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>30</th>\n",
       "      <td>2020-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>640</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>31</th>\n",
       "      <td>2021-01-01</td>\n",
       "      <td>670</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "         Year  Number of Unique Authors\n",
       "27 2017-01-01                       455\n",
       "28 2018-01-01                       494\n",
       "29 2019-01-01                       551\n",
       "30 2020-01-01                       640\n",
       "31 2021-01-01                       670"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 18,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "unique_author_num_df.tail()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 19,
   "id": "63f9aede",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "467.79661016949154"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 19,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "((670 - 118)/118)*100"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "27788fa4",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Non-VIS VS VIS citations"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 20,
   "id": "5c4a95fb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "True"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 20,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# VIS PAPERS' OPENALEX IDS\n",
    "ids = paper['OpenAlex ID'].tolist()\n",
    "len(list(set(ids))) == paper.shape[0]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 21,
   "id": "d1b3ed04",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "# Yes, I should not use the unique paper df\n",
    "ref = pd.read_csv('../data/processed/openalex_reference_paper_df.csv')\n",
    "ref = ref[ref['OpenAlex ID'].notnull()]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 22,
   "id": "0452502d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "cit = pd.read_csv('../data/processed/openalex_citation_paper_df.csv')\n",
    "cit = cit[cit['Citation Paper OpenAlex ID'].notnull()]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 23,
   "id": "b959806d",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "ref['VIS'] = ref['OpenAlex ID'].apply(\n",
    "    lambda x: 'Yes' if x in ids else 'No'\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 24,
   "id": "e2cdf5fa",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "cit['VIS'] = cit['Citation Paper OpenAlex ID'].apply(\n",
    "    lambda x: 'Yes' if x in ids else 'No'\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 25,
   "id": "2dfd8a64",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "tuples = []\n",
    "for group in cit.groupby('OpenAlex Year'):\n",
    "    year = group[0]\n",
    "    total = group[1].shape[0]\n",
    "    for subgroup in group[1].groupby('VIS'):\n",
    "        type_of_paper = subgroup[0] # true or false\n",
    "        count = subgroup[1].shape[0]\n",
    "        ratio = count / total\n",
    "        tuples.append((year, type_of_paper, count, ratio))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 26,
   "id": "1b298589",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "cit_df = pd.DataFrame(list(tuples), columns=['year', 'type', 'count', 'ratio']) "
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 27,
   "id": "3dffe128",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
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       "<style scoped>\n",
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       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>type</th>\n",
       "      <th>count</th>\n",
       "      <th>ratio</th>\n",
       "      <th>Year</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>1990.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Non-VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>6</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.750000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1990-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>1990.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>2</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.250000</td>\n",
       "      <td>1990-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>1991.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Non-VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>56</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.736842</td>\n",
       "      <td>1991-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>1991.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>20</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.263158</td>\n",
       "      <td>1991-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>1992.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Non-VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>113</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.710692</td>\n",
       "      <td>1992-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>1992.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>46</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.289308</td>\n",
       "      <td>1992-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>1993.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Non-VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>202</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.801587</td>\n",
       "      <td>1993-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>10</th>\n",
       "      <td>1993.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>50</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.198413</td>\n",
       "      <td>1993-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>11</th>\n",
       "      <td>1994.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Non-VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>285</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.789474</td>\n",
       "      <td>1994-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>12</th>\n",
       "      <td>1994.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.210526</td>\n",
       "      <td>1994-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>13</th>\n",
       "      <td>1995.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Non-VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>454</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.809269</td>\n",
       "      <td>1995-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>14</th>\n",
       "      <td>1995.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>107</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.190731</td>\n",
       "      <td>1995-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>15</th>\n",
       "      <td>1996.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Non-VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>485</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.822034</td>\n",
       "      <td>1996-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>16</th>\n",
       "      <td>1996.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>105</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.177966</td>\n",
       "      <td>1996-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>17</th>\n",
       "      <td>1997.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Non-VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>766</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.829004</td>\n",
       "      <td>1997-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>18</th>\n",
       "      <td>1997.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>158</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.170996</td>\n",
       "      <td>1997-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>19</th>\n",
       "      <td>1998.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Non-VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>809</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.788499</td>\n",
       "      <td>1998-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>20</th>\n",
       "      <td>1998.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>217</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.211501</td>\n",
       "      <td>1998-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>21</th>\n",
       "      <td>1999.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Non-VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>1079</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.839689</td>\n",
       "      <td>1999-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>1999.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>206</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.160311</td>\n",
       "      <td>1999-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>2000.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Non-VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>1355</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.847935</td>\n",
       "      <td>2000-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>2000.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>243</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.152065</td>\n",
       "      <td>2000-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>2001.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Non-VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>1664</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.891747</td>\n",
       "      <td>2001-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>2001.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>202</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.108253</td>\n",
       "      <td>2001-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>2002.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Non-VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>2159</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.889576</td>\n",
       "      <td>2002-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>2002.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>268</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.110424</td>\n",
       "      <td>2002-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>2003.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Non-VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>2746</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.898854</td>\n",
       "      <td>2003-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>30</th>\n",
       "      <td>2003.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>309</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.101146</td>\n",
       "      <td>2003-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>31</th>\n",
       "      <td>2004.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Non-VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>3354</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.892021</td>\n",
       "      <td>2004-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>32</th>\n",
       "      <td>2004.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>406</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.107979</td>\n",
       "      <td>2004-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      year     type  count     ratio       Year\n",
       "3   1990.0  Non-VIS      6  0.750000 1990-01-01\n",
       "4   1990.0      VIS      2  0.250000 1990-01-01\n",
       "5   1991.0  Non-VIS     56  0.736842 1991-01-01\n",
       "6   1991.0      VIS     20  0.263158 1991-01-01\n",
       "7   1992.0  Non-VIS    113  0.710692 1992-01-01\n",
       "8   1992.0      VIS     46  0.289308 1992-01-01\n",
       "9   1993.0  Non-VIS    202  0.801587 1993-01-01\n",
       "10  1993.0      VIS     50  0.198413 1993-01-01\n",
       "11  1994.0  Non-VIS    285  0.789474 1994-01-01\n",
       "12  1994.0      VIS     76  0.210526 1994-01-01\n",
       "13  1995.0  Non-VIS    454  0.809269 1995-01-01\n",
       "14  1995.0      VIS    107  0.190731 1995-01-01\n",
       "15  1996.0  Non-VIS    485  0.822034 1996-01-01\n",
       "16  1996.0      VIS    105  0.177966 1996-01-01\n",
       "17  1997.0  Non-VIS    766  0.829004 1997-01-01\n",
       "18  1997.0      VIS    158  0.170996 1997-01-01\n",
       "19  1998.0  Non-VIS    809  0.788499 1998-01-01\n",
       "20  1998.0      VIS    217  0.211501 1998-01-01\n",
       "21  1999.0  Non-VIS   1079  0.839689 1999-01-01\n",
       "22  1999.0      VIS    206  0.160311 1999-01-01\n",
       "23  2000.0  Non-VIS   1355  0.847935 2000-01-01\n",
       "24  2000.0      VIS    243  0.152065 2000-01-01\n",
       "25  2001.0  Non-VIS   1664  0.891747 2001-01-01\n",
       "26  2001.0      VIS    202  0.108253 2001-01-01\n",
       "27  2002.0  Non-VIS   2159  0.889576 2002-01-01\n",
       "28  2002.0      VIS    268  0.110424 2002-01-01\n",
       "29  2003.0  Non-VIS   2746  0.898854 2003-01-01\n",
       "30  2003.0      VIS    309  0.101146 2003-01-01\n",
       "31  2004.0  Non-VIS   3354  0.892021 2004-01-01\n",
       "32  2004.0      VIS    406  0.107979 2004-01-01"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 27,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cit_df = cit_df[(cit_df.year >= 1990) & (cit_df.year <= 2021)]\n",
    "cit_df['Year'] = pd.to_datetime(cit_df['year'], format='%Y')\n",
    "cit_df.replace({'Yes': 'VIS', 'No': 'Non-VIS'}, inplace=True)\n",
    "cit_df.head(30)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 28,
   "id": "79af1c1f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>type</th>\n",
       "      <th>count</th>\n",
       "      <th>ratio</th>\n",
       "      <th>Year</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>45</th>\n",
       "      <td>2011.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Non-VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>6091</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.888938</td>\n",
       "      <td>2011-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>46</th>\n",
       "      <td>2011.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>761</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.111062</td>\n",
       "      <td>2011-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>65</th>\n",
       "      <td>2021.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Non-VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>11309</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.843703</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>66</th>\n",
       "      <td>2021.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>VIS</td>\n",
       "      <td>2095</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.156297</td>\n",
       "      <td>2021-01-01</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      year     type  count     ratio       Year\n",
       "45  2011.0  Non-VIS   6091  0.888938 2011-01-01\n",
       "46  2011.0      VIS    761  0.111062 2011-01-01\n",
       "65  2021.0  Non-VIS  11309  0.843703 2021-01-01\n",
       "66  2021.0      VIS   2095  0.156297 2021-01-01"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 28,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cit_df[cit_df.year.isin([2021, 2011])]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "a1495e00",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Average number of authors"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 29,
   "id": "89b8c7e0",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>Year</th>\n",
       "      <th>Number of Authors</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>22</th>\n",
       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.310345</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>23</th>\n",
       "      <td>2013</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.128713</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>24</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.609023</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>25</th>\n",
       "      <td>2015</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.519685</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>26</th>\n",
       "      <td>2016</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.686957</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>27</th>\n",
       "      <td>2017</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.728070</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>28</th>\n",
       "      <td>2018</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.629921</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>2019</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.255814</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>30</th>\n",
       "      <td>2020</td>\n",
       "      <td>5.050955</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>31</th>\n",
       "      <td>2021</td>\n",
       "      <td>4.970588</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    Year  Number of Authors\n",
       "22  2012           4.310345\n",
       "23  2013           4.128713\n",
       "24  2014           4.609023\n",
       "25  2015           4.519685\n",
       "26  2016           4.686957\n",
       "27  2017           4.728070\n",
       "28  2018           4.629921\n",
       "29  2019           5.255814\n",
       "30  2020           5.050955\n",
       "31  2021           4.970588"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 29,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "author_num_df = paper.groupby(\n",
    "    'Year')['Number of Authors'].mean().to_frame().reset_index()\n",
    "author_num_df.tail(10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 30,
   "id": "d941030c",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "image/png": 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\n",
      "text/plain": [
       "<Figure size 432x288 with 1 Axes>"
      ]
     },
     "metadata": {
      "needs_background": "light"
     },
     "output_type": "display_data"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "g = sns.lineplot(x='Year', \n",
    "                 y='Number of Authors', \n",
    "                 data = author_num_df)\n",
    "g.set_ylim(0,)\n",
    "g.set_ylabel('Average Number of Authors')\n",
    "plt.grid()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "097d8acd",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Number of participating countries"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 31,
   "id": "f0613595",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "year_1990_paper = paper[paper.Year == 1990]\n",
    "year_1990_cross_country = year_1990_paper[\n",
    "    year_1990_paper['Cross-country Collaboration']==True]\n",
    "year_1990_cross_country_dois = year_1990_cross_country.DOI.tolist()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 32,
   "id": "8c696d1f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "      <th>OpenAlex ID</th>\n",
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       "      <th>Cross-country Collaboration</th>\n",
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       "      <th>IEEE Title</th>\n",
       "      <th>Citation Counts on Google Scholar</th>\n",
       "      <th>Award</th>\n",
       "      <th>Award Name</th>\n",
       "      <th>Award Track</th>\n",
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       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1042</th>\n",
       "      <td>Vis</td>\n",
       "      <td>1990</td>\n",
       "      <td>Methods for surface interrogation</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1109/VISUAL.1990.146381</td>\n",
       "      <td>187.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>193, 472</td>\n",
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       "      <td>1990</td>\n",
       "      <td>1990-10-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>W2103253409</td>\n",
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       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
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       "      <td>55</td>\n",
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       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
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       "      <th>2155</th>\n",
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       "      <td>A journey into the fourth dimension</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1109/VISUAL.1990.146385</td>\n",
       "      <td>219.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>229, 476-477</td>\n",
       "      <td>C</td>\n",
       "      <td>1990</td>\n",
       "      <td>1990-10-23</td>\n",
       "      <td>W2149054233</td>\n",
       "      <td>...</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>A journey into the fourth dimension (visualiza...</td>\n",
       "      <td>16</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
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       "</table>\n",
       "<p>2 rows × 27 columns</p>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "     Conference  Year                                Title  \\\n",
       "1042        Vis  1990    Methods for surface interrogation   \n",
       "2155        Vis  1990  A journey into the fourth dimension   \n",
       "\n",
       "                             DOI  FirstPage      LastPage PaperType  \\\n",
       "1042  10.1109/VISUAL.1990.146381      187.0      193, 472         C   \n",
       "2155  10.1109/VISUAL.1990.146385      219.0  229, 476-477         C   \n",
       "\n",
       "      OpenAlex Year OpenAlex Publication Date  OpenAlex ID  ...  \\\n",
       "1042           1990                1990-10-23  W2103253409  ...   \n",
       "2155           1990                1990-10-23  W2149054233  ...   \n",
       "\n",
       "     Number of Authors  Cross-type Collaboration  Cross-country Collaboration  \\\n",
       "1042               3.0                      True                         True   \n",
       "2155               2.0                     False                         True   \n",
       "\n",
       "      With US Authors  Both Cross-type and Cross-country Collaboration  \\\n",
       "1042             True                                             True   \n",
       "2155             True                                            False   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                             IEEE Title  \\\n",
       "1042                  Methods for surface interrogation   \n",
       "2155  A journey into the fourth dimension (visualiza...   \n",
       "\n",
       "      Citation Counts on Google Scholar  Award  Award Name  Award Track  \n",
       "1042                                 55  False         NaN          NaN  \n",
       "2155                                 16  False         NaN          NaN  \n",
       "\n",
       "[2 rows x 27 columns]"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 32,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "year_1990_cross_country"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 33,
   "id": "219cc3eb",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
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       "      <th>Year</th>\n",
       "      <th>DOI</th>\n",
       "      <th>Title</th>\n",
       "      <th>Number of Authors</th>\n",
       "      <th>Author Position</th>\n",
       "      <th>Author Name</th>\n",
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       "      <th>Affiliation Type</th>\n",
       "      <th>Binary Type</th>\n",
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       "      <th>International Collaboration</th>\n",
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       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3614</th>\n",
       "      <td>1990</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1109/VISUAL.1990.146381</td>\n",
       "      <td>Methods for surface interrogation</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>H. Hagen</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://openalex.org/A2237445521</td>\n",
       "      <td>FB-Informatik, Universität Kaiserslautern</td>\n",
       "      <td>DE</td>\n",
       "      <td>education</td>\n",
       "      <td>education</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3615</th>\n",
       "      <td>1990</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1109/VISUAL.1990.146381</td>\n",
       "      <td>Methods for surface interrogation</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>T. Schreiber</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://openalex.org/A2973511128</td>\n",
       "      <td>FB-Informatik, Universität Kaiserslautern</td>\n",
       "      <td>DE</td>\n",
       "      <td>education</td>\n",
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       "      <th>3616</th>\n",
       "      <td>1990</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1109/VISUAL.1990.146381</td>\n",
       "      <td>Methods for surface interrogation</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>E. Gschwind</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://openalex.org/A1980220218</td>\n",
       "      <td>Mechanical Design Division, Hewlett-Packard GmbH</td>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>company</td>\n",
       "      <td>non-education</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7745</th>\n",
       "      <td>1990</td>\n",
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       "      <td>A journey into the fourth dimension</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>Y. Ke</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://openalex.org/A2684845787</td>\n",
       "      <td>Department of Computational Science, Universit...</td>\n",
       "      <td>CA</td>\n",
       "      <td>education</td>\n",
       "      <td>education</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7746</th>\n",
       "      <td>1990</td>\n",
       "      <td>10.1109/VISUAL.1990.146385</td>\n",
       "      <td>A journey into the fourth dimension</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
       "      <td>E.S. Panduranga</td>\n",
       "      <td>https://openalex.org/A2302757246</td>\n",
       "      <td>Department of Computer Sciences, Johns Hopkins...</td>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>education</td>\n",
       "      <td>education</td>\n",
       "      <td>False</td>\n",
       "      <td>True</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
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       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "      Year                         DOI                                Title  \\\n",
       "3614  1990  10.1109/VISUAL.1990.146381    Methods for surface interrogation   \n",
       "3615  1990  10.1109/VISUAL.1990.146381    Methods for surface interrogation   \n",
       "3616  1990  10.1109/VISUAL.1990.146381    Methods for surface interrogation   \n",
       "7745  1990  10.1109/VISUAL.1990.146385  A journey into the fourth dimension   \n",
       "7746  1990  10.1109/VISUAL.1990.146385  A journey into the fourth dimension   \n",
       "\n",
       "      Number of Authors  Author Position      Author Name  \\\n",
       "3614                3.0              1.0         H. Hagen   \n",
       "3615                3.0              2.0     T. Schreiber   \n",
       "3616                3.0              3.0      E. Gschwind   \n",
       "7745                2.0              1.0            Y. Ke   \n",
       "7746                2.0              2.0  E.S. Panduranga   \n",
       "\n",
       "                    OpenAlex Author ID  \\\n",
       "3614  https://openalex.org/A2237445521   \n",
       "3615  https://openalex.org/A2973511128   \n",
       "3616  https://openalex.org/A1980220218   \n",
       "7745  https://openalex.org/A2684845787   \n",
       "7746  https://openalex.org/A2302757246   \n",
       "\n",
       "                                       Affiliation Name  \\\n",
       "3614          FB-Informatik, Universität Kaiserslautern   \n",
       "3615          FB-Informatik, Universität Kaiserslautern   \n",
       "3616   Mechanical Design Division, Hewlett-Packard GmbH   \n",
       "7745  Department of Computational Science, Universit...   \n",
       "7746  Department of Computer Sciences, Johns Hopkins...   \n",
       "\n",
       "     Affiliation Country Code Affiliation Type    Binary Type  \\\n",
       "3614                       DE        education      education   \n",
       "3615                       DE        education      education   \n",
       "3616                       US          company  non-education   \n",
       "7745                       CA        education      education   \n",
       "7746                       US        education      education   \n",
       "\n",
       "      Cross-type Collaboration  International Collaboration  \n",
       "3614                      True                         True  \n",
       "3615                      True                         True  \n",
       "3616                      True                         True  \n",
       "7745                     False                         True  \n",
       "7746                     False                         True  "
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 33,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "author[author.DOI.isin(year_1990_cross_country.DOI)]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "c804332e",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Cross country collaboration"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 34,
   "id": "56b08142",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "def get_total_and_ratio_by_year(DF, BY, subgroup_par):\n",
    "    tuples = []\n",
    "    for group in DF.groupby(BY):\n",
    "        year = group[0]\n",
    "        total = group[1].shape[0]\n",
    "        for subgroup in group[1].groupby(subgroup_par):\n",
    "            subtype = 'Yes' if subgroup[0] else 'No'\n",
    "            count = subgroup[1].shape[0]\n",
    "            ratio = count / total\n",
    "            tuples.append((year, subtype, count, ratio))\n",
    "    dff = pd.DataFrame(\n",
    "        list(tuples), columns=['year', 'type', 'count', 'ratio']) \n",
    "    return dff"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 35,
   "id": "4a55728f",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "cross_country = get_total_and_ratio_by_year(\n",
    "    paper, \n",
    "    'Year',\n",
    "    'Cross-country Collaboration'\n",
    ")"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 36,
   "id": "576469ee",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1990</td>\n",
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       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>1990</td>\n",
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       "      <td>0.038462</td>\n",
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       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>1991</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>49</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.980000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>1991</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
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       "      <td>0.020000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>1992</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
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       "      <td>0.886792</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   year type  count     ratio\n",
       "0  1990   No     50  0.961538\n",
       "1  1990  Yes      2  0.038462\n",
       "2  1991   No     49  0.980000\n",
       "3  1991  Yes      1  0.020000\n",
       "4  1992   No     47  0.886792"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 36,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cross_country.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 37,
   "id": "24c13637",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
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       "      <td>79</td>\n",
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       "      <th>29</th>\n",
       "      <td>2004</td>\n",
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       "      <th>30</th>\n",
       "      <td>2005</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>98</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.823529</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>31</th>\n",
       "      <td>2005</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>21</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.176471</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>32</th>\n",
       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.796460</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>33</th>\n",
       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.203540</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>44</th>\n",
       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>74</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.637931</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>45</th>\n",
       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>42</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.362069</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>46</th>\n",
       "      <td>2013</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>75</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.742574</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>47</th>\n",
       "      <td>2013</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>26</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.257426</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>48</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>85</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.639098</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>49</th>\n",
       "      <td>2014</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>48</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.360902</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>62</th>\n",
       "      <td>2021</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>94</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.552941</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>63</th>\n",
       "      <td>2021</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>76</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.447059</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    year type  count     ratio\n",
       "26  2003   No     91  0.892157\n",
       "27  2003  Yes     11  0.107843\n",
       "28  2004   No     79  0.814433\n",
       "29  2004  Yes     18  0.185567\n",
       "30  2005   No     98  0.823529\n",
       "31  2005  Yes     21  0.176471\n",
       "32  2006   No     90  0.796460\n",
       "33  2006  Yes     23  0.203540\n",
       "44  2012   No     74  0.637931\n",
       "45  2012  Yes     42  0.362069\n",
       "46  2013   No     75  0.742574\n",
       "47  2013  Yes     26  0.257426\n",
       "48  2014   No     85  0.639098\n",
       "49  2014  Yes     48  0.360902\n",
       "62  2021   No     94  0.552941\n",
       "63  2021  Yes     76  0.447059"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 37,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cross_country[cross_country.year.isin([2004, 2005, 2006, 2003, 2013, 2012, 2014, 2021])]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "7919afca",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "#### Author chord"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 38,
   "id": "406cc349",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "author_chord = pd.read_csv('../data/plots/author_chord/author_chord_df.csv')\n",
    "node1, node2 = author_chord.source, author_chord.target\n",
    "unique_cntry = list(set(node1.append(node2).tolist()))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 39,
   "id": "1b939b92",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1218"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 39,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "author_chord.value.sum()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 49,
   "id": "c345c76e",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>source</th>\n",
       "      <th>target</th>\n",
       "      <th>value</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>CN</td>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>123</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>DE</td>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>112</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>CA</td>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>70</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>FR</td>\n",
       "      <td>59</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>AT</td>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>5</th>\n",
       "      <td>GB</td>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>33</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>6</th>\n",
       "      <td>CN</td>\n",
       "      <td>DE</td>\n",
       "      <td>31</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>7</th>\n",
       "      <td>DE</td>\n",
       "      <td>AT</td>\n",
       "      <td>29</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>8</th>\n",
       "      <td>KR</td>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>28</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>9</th>\n",
       "      <td>US</td>\n",
       "      <td>GB</td>\n",
       "      <td>25</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "  source target  value\n",
       "0     CN     US    123\n",
       "1     DE     US    112\n",
       "2     CA     US     70\n",
       "3     US     FR     59\n",
       "4     US     AT     43\n",
       "5     GB     US     33\n",
       "6     CN     DE     31\n",
       "7     DE     AT     29\n",
       "8     KR     US     28\n",
       "9     US     GB     25"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 49,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "author_chord.head(10)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 41,
   "id": "72f07485",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": [
    "tuples = []\n",
    "for i in unique_cntry:\n",
    "    dff = author_chord[(author_chord.source == i) | (author_chord.target == i)]\n",
    "    total = dff.value.sum()\n",
    "    tuples.append((i, total))"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 42,
   "id": "11dce8cd",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "1197"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 42,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "collab_df = pd.DataFrame(list(tuples), columns = ['country', 'value']).sort_values(\n",
    "    by=['value'], ascending = False).reset_index(drop=True)\n",
    "collab_df.value.sum()\n",
    "most_active_cntry = collab_df.head(10).country.tolist()\n",
    "# Number of pairs where the most active countries appeared\n",
    "author_chord[(\n",
    "    author_chord.source.isin(most_active_cntry)) | (\n",
    "    author_chord.target.isin(most_active_cntry))].value.sum()\n",
    "# most_active_cntry"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 43,
   "id": "e1affcf5",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "['US', 'DE', 'CN', 'AT', 'GB', 'FR', 'CA', 'NL', 'CH', 'AU']"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 43,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "most_active_cntry"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 44,
   "id": "344840c6",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.9827586206896551"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 44,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "1197/1218"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 45,
   "id": "83ff6383",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "862"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 45,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "# Number of pairs made up by collaborations between most active countries\n",
    "author_chord[(\n",
    "    author_chord.source.isin(most_active_cntry)) & (\n",
    "    author_chord.target.isin(most_active_cntry))].value.sum()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 46,
   "id": "38ea4da7",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/plain": [
       "0.7077175697865353"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 46,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "862/1218"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "id": "f5cad371",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### Cross-type collaboration"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 47,
   "id": "03c91bed",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>type</th>\n",
       "      <th>count</th>\n",
       "      <th>ratio</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>0</th>\n",
       "      <td>1990</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>47</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.903846</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>1</th>\n",
       "      <td>1990</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>5</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.096154</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>2</th>\n",
       "      <td>1991</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.860000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>3</th>\n",
       "      <td>1991</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>7</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.140000</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>4</th>\n",
       "      <td>1992</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>43</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.811321</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "   year type  count     ratio\n",
       "0  1990   No     47  0.903846\n",
       "1  1990  Yes      5  0.096154\n",
       "2  1991   No     43  0.860000\n",
       "3  1991  Yes      7  0.140000\n",
       "4  1992   No     43  0.811321"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 47,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cross_type = get_total_and_ratio_by_year(\n",
    "    paper, \n",
    "    'Year',\n",
    "    'Cross-type Collaboration'\n",
    ")\n",
    "cross_type.head()"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": 48,
   "id": "fd56c478",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [
    {
     "data": {
      "text/html": [
       "<div>\n",
       "<style scoped>\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "\n",
       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
       "        text-align: right;\n",
       "    }\n",
       "</style>\n",
       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
       "  <thead>\n",
       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
       "      <th></th>\n",
       "      <th>year</th>\n",
       "      <th>type</th>\n",
       "      <th>count</th>\n",
       "      <th>ratio</th>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </thead>\n",
       "  <tbody>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>32</th>\n",
       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>90</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.796460</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>33</th>\n",
       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>23</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.203540</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>34</th>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>69</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.644860</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>35</th>\n",
       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>38</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.355140</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>56</th>\n",
       "      <td>2018</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>69</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.543307</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>57</th>\n",
       "      <td>2018</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>58</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.456693</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>62</th>\n",
       "      <td>2021</td>\n",
       "      <td>No</td>\n",
       "      <td>116</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.682353</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "    <tr>\n",
       "      <th>63</th>\n",
       "      <td>2021</td>\n",
       "      <td>Yes</td>\n",
       "      <td>54</td>\n",
       "      <td>0.317647</td>\n",
       "    </tr>\n",
       "  </tbody>\n",
       "</table>\n",
       "</div>"
      ],
      "text/plain": [
       "    year type  count     ratio\n",
       "32  2006   No     90  0.796460\n",
       "33  2006  Yes     23  0.203540\n",
       "34  2007   No     69  0.644860\n",
       "35  2007  Yes     38  0.355140\n",
       "56  2018   No     69  0.543307\n",
       "57  2018  Yes     58  0.456693\n",
       "62  2021   No    116  0.682353\n",
       "63  2021  Yes     54  0.317647"
      ]
     },
     "execution_count": 48,
     "metadata": {},
     "output_type": "execute_result"
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "cross_type[cross_type.year.isin([2006, 2007, 2018, 2021])]"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "code",
   "execution_count": null,
   "id": "652fe9e3",
   "metadata": {},
   "outputs": [],
   "source": []
  }
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