\documentclass[border=10pt]{standalone}
\usepackage{pgfplots, amsmath}
\usepackage{filecontents}
\usepgfplotslibrary{fillbetween}
\definecolor{color1}{rgb}{0,0,0}
\definecolor{color2}{rgb}{0.5,0.5,0.5}
\definecolor{color3}{rgb}{0.5,0.5,0.5}


\pgfplotsset{every axis plot/.append style={line width=1pt},compat=1.8}

\begin{document}
%\begin{tikzpicture}
%  \begin{axis}[
%  	ylabel=$t_{\text{esc}}$,
%	xlabel= $C$,
%	width = 7cm,
%	height = 5cm,
%	minor tick style={draw=none},
%	xtick=data,]
%      \addplot+[color1, solid, thick, error bars/.cd, y dir=both, y explicit, error bar style={line width=1pt,solid}] 
%      table[x index=0,y index=1,y error index=2] {data_ebar.txt};
%      %\addplot +[color2,mark=o,only marks,mark size=2pt] table[x index=0,y index=1] {data_ebar_success.txt};
%      %\addplot +[color3,mark=x,only marks,mark size=2pt] table[x index=0,y index=1] {data_ebar_fail.txt};
%
%  \end{axis}
%\end{tikzpicture}

\begin{tikzpicture}
\begin{axis}[
ylabel=$t_{\text{esc}}/t_{\text{s}}$,
xlabel= $\textsf{C}$,
width = 5cm,
height = 3cm,
minor tick style={draw=none},
xtick=data]
\addplot+[black, thick,mark options={fill=black},y filter/.code={\pgfmathparse{#1*1/10}\pgfmathresult}] table[x=x,y=y] {data_ebar.txt};
\addplot [name path=upper,draw=none,y filter/.code={\pgfmathparse{#1*1/10}\pgfmathresult}] table[mark options={fill=black,scale=2}, x=x,y expr=\thisrow{y}+\thisrow{err}] {data_ebar.txt};
\addplot [name path=lower,draw=none,y filter/.code={\pgfmathparse{#1*1/10}\pgfmathresult}] table[mark options={fill=black,scale=2}, x=x,y expr=\thisrow{y}-\thisrow{err}] {data_ebar.txt};
\addplot [fill=black!10] fill between[of=upper and lower];

\end{axis}
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}