tpm_tis.c
/*
* Copyright (C) 2005, 2006 IBM Corporation
*
* Authors:
* Leendert van Doorn <leendert@watson.ibm.com>
* Kylene Hall <kjhall@us.ibm.com>
*
* Maintained by: <tpmdd-devel@lists.sourceforge.net>
*
* Device driver for TCG/TCPA TPM (trusted platform module).
* Specifications at www.trustedcomputinggroup.org
*
* This device driver implements the TPM interface as defined in
* the TCG TPM Interface Spec version 1.2, revision 1.0.
*
* This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
* modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
* published by the Free Software Foundation, version 2 of the
* License.
*/
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
#include <linux/pnp.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/wait.h>
#include "tpm.h"
#define TPM_HEADER_SIZE 10
enum tis_access {
TPM_ACCESS_VALID = 0x80,
TPM_ACCESS_ACTIVE_LOCALITY = 0x20,
TPM_ACCESS_REQUEST_PENDING = 0x04,
TPM_ACCESS_REQUEST_USE = 0x02,
};
enum tis_status {
TPM_STS_VALID = 0x80,
TPM_STS_COMMAND_READY = 0x40,
TPM_STS_GO = 0x20,
TPM_STS_DATA_AVAIL = 0x10,
TPM_STS_DATA_EXPECT = 0x08,
};
enum tis_int_flags {
TPM_GLOBAL_INT_ENABLE = 0x80000000,
TPM_INTF_BURST_COUNT_STATIC = 0x100,
TPM_INTF_CMD_READY_INT = 0x080,
TPM_INTF_INT_EDGE_FALLING = 0x040,
TPM_INTF_INT_EDGE_RISING = 0x020,
TPM_INTF_INT_LEVEL_LOW = 0x010,
TPM_INTF_INT_LEVEL_HIGH = 0x008,
TPM_INTF_LOCALITY_CHANGE_INT = 0x004,
TPM_INTF_STS_VALID_INT = 0x002,
TPM_INTF_DATA_AVAIL_INT = 0x001,
};
enum tis_defaults {
TIS_MEM_BASE = 0xFED40000,
TIS_MEM_LEN = 0x5000,
TIS_SHORT_TIMEOUT = 750, /* ms */
TIS_LONG_TIMEOUT = 2000, /* 2 sec */
};
#define TPM_ACCESS(l) (0x0000 | ((l) << 12))
#define TPM_INT_ENABLE(l) (0x0008 | ((l) << 12))
#define TPM_INT_VECTOR(l) (0x000C | ((l) << 12))
#define TPM_INT_STATUS(l) (0x0010 | ((l) << 12))
#define TPM_INTF_CAPS(l) (0x0014 | ((l) << 12))
#define TPM_STS(l) (0x0018 | ((l) << 12))
#define TPM_DATA_FIFO(l) (0x0024 | ((l) << 12))
#define TPM_DID_VID(l) (0x0F00 | ((l) << 12))
#define TPM_RID(l) (0x0F04 | ((l) << 12))
static LIST_HEAD(tis_chips);
static DEFINE_SPINLOCK(tis_lock);
static int check_locality(struct tpm_chip *chip, int l)
{
if ((ioread8(chip->vendor.iobase + TPM_ACCESS(l)) &
(TPM_ACCESS_ACTIVE_LOCALITY | TPM_ACCESS_VALID)) ==
(TPM_ACCESS_ACTIVE_LOCALITY | TPM_ACCESS_VALID))
return chip->vendor.locality = l;
return -1;
}
static void release_locality(struct tpm_chip *chip, int l, int force)
{
if (force || (ioread8(chip->vendor.iobase + TPM_ACCESS(l)) &
(TPM_ACCESS_REQUEST_PENDING | TPM_ACCESS_VALID)) ==
(TPM_ACCESS_REQUEST_PENDING | TPM_ACCESS_VALID))
iowrite8(TPM_ACCESS_ACTIVE_LOCALITY,
chip->vendor.iobase + TPM_ACCESS(l));
}
static int request_locality(struct tpm_chip *chip, int l)
{
unsigned long stop;
long rc;
if (check_locality(chip, l) >= 0)
return l;
iowrite8(TPM_ACCESS_REQUEST_USE,
chip->vendor.iobase + TPM_ACCESS(l));
if (chip->vendor.irq) {
rc = wait_event_interruptible_timeout(chip->vendor.int_queue,
(check_locality
(chip, l) >= 0),
chip->vendor.timeout_a);
if (rc > 0)
return l;
} else {
/* wait for burstcount */
stop = jiffies + chip->vendor.timeout_a;
do {
if (check_locality(chip, l) >= 0)
return l;
msleep(TPM_TIMEOUT);
}
while (time_before(jiffies, stop));
}
return -1;
}
static u8 tpm_tis_status(struct tpm_chip *chip)
{
return ioread8(chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_STS(chip->vendor.locality));
}
static void tpm_tis_ready(struct tpm_chip *chip)
{
/* this causes the current command to be aborted */
iowrite8(TPM_STS_COMMAND_READY,
chip->vendor.iobase + TPM_STS(chip->vendor.locality));
}
static int get_burstcount(struct tpm_chip *chip)
{
unsigned long stop;
int burstcnt;
/* wait for burstcount */
/* which timeout value, spec has 2 answers (c & d) */
stop = jiffies + chip->vendor.timeout_d;
do {
burstcnt = ioread8(chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_STS(chip->vendor.locality) + 1);
burstcnt += ioread8(chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_STS(chip->vendor.locality) +
2) << 8;
if (burstcnt)
return burstcnt;
msleep(TPM_TIMEOUT);
} while (time_before(jiffies, stop));
return -EBUSY;
}
static int wait_for_stat(struct tpm_chip *chip, u8 mask, unsigned long timeout,
wait_queue_head_t *queue)
{
unsigned long stop;
long rc;
u8 status;
/* check current status */
status = tpm_tis_status(chip);
if ((status & mask) == mask)
return 0;
if (chip->vendor.irq) {
rc = wait_event_interruptible_timeout(*queue,
((tpm_tis_status
(chip) & mask) ==
mask), timeout);
if (rc > 0)
return 0;
} else {
stop = jiffies + timeout;
do {
msleep(TPM_TIMEOUT);
status = tpm_tis_status(chip);
if ((status & mask) == mask)
return 0;
} while (time_before(jiffies, stop));
}
return -ETIME;
}
static int recv_data(struct tpm_chip *chip, u8 *buf, size_t count)
{
int size = 0, burstcnt;
while (size < count &&
wait_for_stat(chip,
TPM_STS_DATA_AVAIL | TPM_STS_VALID,
chip->vendor.timeout_c,
&chip->vendor.read_queue)
== 0) {
burstcnt = get_burstcount(chip);
for (; burstcnt > 0 && size < count; burstcnt--)
buf[size++] = ioread8(chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_DATA_FIFO(chip->vendor.
locality));
}
return size;
}
static int tpm_tis_recv(struct tpm_chip *chip, u8 *buf, size_t count)
{
int size = 0;
int expected, status;
if (count < TPM_HEADER_SIZE) {
size = -EIO;
goto out;
}
/* read first 10 bytes, including tag, paramsize, and result */
if ((size =
recv_data(chip, buf, TPM_HEADER_SIZE)) < TPM_HEADER_SIZE) {
dev_err(chip->dev, "Unable to read header\n");
goto out;
}
expected = be32_to_cpu(*(__be32 *) (buf + 2));
if (expected > count) {
size = -EIO;
goto out;
}
if ((size +=
recv_data(chip, &buf[TPM_HEADER_SIZE],
expected - TPM_HEADER_SIZE)) < expected) {
dev_err(chip->dev, "Unable to read remainder of result\n");
size = -ETIME;
goto out;
}
wait_for_stat(chip, TPM_STS_VALID, chip->vendor.timeout_c,
&chip->vendor.int_queue);
status = tpm_tis_status(chip);
if (status & TPM_STS_DATA_AVAIL) { /* retry? */
dev_err(chip->dev, "Error left over data\n");
size = -EIO;
goto out;
}
out:
tpm_tis_ready(chip);
release_locality(chip, chip->vendor.locality, 0);
return size;
}
/*
* If interrupts are used (signaled by an irq set in the vendor structure)
* tpm.c can skip polling for the data to be available as the interrupt is
* waited for here
*/
static int tpm_tis_send(struct tpm_chip *chip, u8 *buf, size_t len)
{
int rc, status, burstcnt;
size_t count = 0;
u32 ordinal;
if (request_locality(chip, 0) < 0)
return -EBUSY;
status = tpm_tis_status(chip);
if ((status & TPM_STS_COMMAND_READY) == 0) {
tpm_tis_ready(chip);
if (wait_for_stat
(chip, TPM_STS_COMMAND_READY, chip->vendor.timeout_b,
&chip->vendor.int_queue) < 0) {
rc = -ETIME;
goto out_err;
}
}
while (count < len - 1) {
burstcnt = get_burstcount(chip);
for (; burstcnt > 0 && count < len - 1; burstcnt--) {
iowrite8(buf[count], chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_DATA_FIFO(chip->vendor.locality));
count++;
}
wait_for_stat(chip, TPM_STS_VALID, chip->vendor.timeout_c,
&chip->vendor.int_queue);
status = tpm_tis_status(chip);
if ((status & TPM_STS_DATA_EXPECT) == 0) {
rc = -EIO;
goto out_err;
}
}
/* write last byte */
iowrite8(buf[count],
chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_DATA_FIFO(chip->vendor.locality));
wait_for_stat(chip, TPM_STS_VALID, chip->vendor.timeout_c,
&chip->vendor.int_queue);
status = tpm_tis_status(chip);
if ((status & TPM_STS_DATA_EXPECT) != 0) {
rc = -EIO;
goto out_err;
}
/* go and do it */
iowrite8(TPM_STS_GO,
chip->vendor.iobase + TPM_STS(chip->vendor.locality));
if (chip->vendor.irq) {
ordinal = be32_to_cpu(*((__be32 *) (buf + 6)));
if (wait_for_stat
(chip, TPM_STS_DATA_AVAIL | TPM_STS_VALID,
tpm_calc_ordinal_duration(chip, ordinal),
&chip->vendor.read_queue) < 0) {
rc = -ETIME;
goto out_err;
}
}
return len;
out_err:
tpm_tis_ready(chip);
release_locality(chip, chip->vendor.locality, 0);
return rc;
}
static const struct file_operations tis_ops = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.llseek = no_llseek,
.open = tpm_open,
.read = tpm_read,
.write = tpm_write,
.release = tpm_release,
};
static DEVICE_ATTR(pubek, S_IRUGO, tpm_show_pubek, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(pcrs, S_IRUGO, tpm_show_pcrs, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(enabled, S_IRUGO, tpm_show_enabled, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(active, S_IRUGO, tpm_show_active, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(owned, S_IRUGO, tpm_show_owned, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(temp_deactivated, S_IRUGO, tpm_show_temp_deactivated,
NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(caps, S_IRUGO, tpm_show_caps_1_2, NULL);
static DEVICE_ATTR(cancel, S_IWUSR | S_IWGRP, NULL, tpm_store_cancel);
static struct attribute *tis_attrs[] = {
&dev_attr_pubek.attr,
&dev_attr_pcrs.attr,
&dev_attr_enabled.attr,
&dev_attr_active.attr,
&dev_attr_owned.attr,
&dev_attr_temp_deactivated.attr,
&dev_attr_caps.attr,
&dev_attr_cancel.attr, NULL,
};
static struct attribute_group tis_attr_grp = {
.attrs = tis_attrs
};
static struct tpm_vendor_specific tpm_tis = {
.status = tpm_tis_status,
.recv = tpm_tis_recv,
.send = tpm_tis_send,
.cancel = tpm_tis_ready,
.req_complete_mask = TPM_STS_DATA_AVAIL | TPM_STS_VALID,
.req_complete_val = TPM_STS_DATA_AVAIL | TPM_STS_VALID,
.req_canceled = TPM_STS_COMMAND_READY,
.attr_group = &tis_attr_grp,
.miscdev = {
.fops = &tis_ops,},
};
static irqreturn_t tis_int_probe(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
struct tpm_chip *chip = dev_id;
u32 interrupt;
interrupt = ioread32(chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_INT_STATUS(chip->vendor.locality));
if (interrupt == 0)
return IRQ_NONE;
chip->vendor.irq = irq;
/* Clear interrupts handled with TPM_EOI */
iowrite32(interrupt,
chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_INT_STATUS(chip->vendor.locality));
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
static irqreturn_t tis_int_handler(int dummy, void *dev_id)
{
struct tpm_chip *chip = dev_id;
u32 interrupt;
int i;
interrupt = ioread32(chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_INT_STATUS(chip->vendor.locality));
if (interrupt == 0)
return IRQ_NONE;
if (interrupt & TPM_INTF_DATA_AVAIL_INT)
wake_up_interruptible(&chip->vendor.read_queue);
if (interrupt & TPM_INTF_LOCALITY_CHANGE_INT)
for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)
if (check_locality(chip, i) >= 0)
break;
if (interrupt &
(TPM_INTF_LOCALITY_CHANGE_INT | TPM_INTF_STS_VALID_INT |
TPM_INTF_CMD_READY_INT))
wake_up_interruptible(&chip->vendor.int_queue);
/* Clear interrupts handled with TPM_EOI */
iowrite32(interrupt,
chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_INT_STATUS(chip->vendor.locality));
ioread32(chip->vendor.iobase + TPM_INT_STATUS(chip->vendor.locality));
return IRQ_HANDLED;
}
static int interrupts = 1;
module_param(interrupts, bool, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(interrupts, "Enable interrupts");
static int tpm_tis_init(struct device *dev, resource_size_t start,
resource_size_t len, unsigned int irq)
{
u32 vendor, intfcaps, intmask;
int rc, i;
struct tpm_chip *chip;
if (!(chip = tpm_register_hardware(dev, &tpm_tis)))
return -ENODEV;
chip->vendor.iobase = ioremap(start, len);
if (!chip->vendor.iobase) {
rc = -EIO;
goto out_err;
}
if (request_locality(chip, 0) != 0) {
rc = -ENODEV;
goto out_err;
}
vendor = ioread32(chip->vendor.iobase + TPM_DID_VID(0));
/* Default timeouts */
chip->vendor.timeout_a = msecs_to_jiffies(TIS_SHORT_TIMEOUT);
chip->vendor.timeout_b = msecs_to_jiffies(TIS_LONG_TIMEOUT);
chip->vendor.timeout_c = msecs_to_jiffies(TIS_SHORT_TIMEOUT);
chip->vendor.timeout_d = msecs_to_jiffies(TIS_SHORT_TIMEOUT);
dev_info(dev,
"1.2 TPM (device-id 0x%X, rev-id %d)\n",
vendor >> 16, ioread8(chip->vendor.iobase + TPM_RID(0)));
/* Figure out the capabilities */
intfcaps =
ioread32(chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_INTF_CAPS(chip->vendor.locality));
dev_dbg(dev, "TPM interface capabilities (0x%x):\n",
intfcaps);
if (intfcaps & TPM_INTF_BURST_COUNT_STATIC)
dev_dbg(dev, "\tBurst Count Static\n");
if (intfcaps & TPM_INTF_CMD_READY_INT)
dev_dbg(dev, "\tCommand Ready Int Support\n");
if (intfcaps & TPM_INTF_INT_EDGE_FALLING)
dev_dbg(dev, "\tInterrupt Edge Falling\n");
if (intfcaps & TPM_INTF_INT_EDGE_RISING)
dev_dbg(dev, "\tInterrupt Edge Rising\n");
if (intfcaps & TPM_INTF_INT_LEVEL_LOW)
dev_dbg(dev, "\tInterrupt Level Low\n");
if (intfcaps & TPM_INTF_INT_LEVEL_HIGH)
dev_dbg(dev, "\tInterrupt Level High\n");
if (intfcaps & TPM_INTF_LOCALITY_CHANGE_INT)
dev_dbg(dev, "\tLocality Change Int Support\n");
if (intfcaps & TPM_INTF_STS_VALID_INT)
dev_dbg(dev, "\tSts Valid Int Support\n");
if (intfcaps & TPM_INTF_DATA_AVAIL_INT)
dev_dbg(dev, "\tData Avail Int Support\n");
/* INTERRUPT Setup */
init_waitqueue_head(&chip->vendor.read_queue);
init_waitqueue_head(&chip->vendor.int_queue);
intmask =
ioread32(chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_INT_ENABLE(chip->vendor.locality));
intmask |= TPM_INTF_CMD_READY_INT
| TPM_INTF_LOCALITY_CHANGE_INT | TPM_INTF_DATA_AVAIL_INT
| TPM_INTF_STS_VALID_INT;
iowrite32(intmask,
chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_INT_ENABLE(chip->vendor.locality));
if (interrupts)
chip->vendor.irq = irq;
if (interrupts && !chip->vendor.irq) {
chip->vendor.irq =
ioread8(chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_INT_VECTOR(chip->vendor.locality));
for (i = 3; i < 16 && chip->vendor.irq == 0; i++) {
iowrite8(i, chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_INT_VECTOR(chip->vendor.locality));
if (request_irq
(i, tis_int_probe, IRQF_SHARED,
chip->vendor.miscdev.name, chip) != 0) {
dev_info(chip->dev,
"Unable to request irq: %d for probe\n",
i);
continue;
}
/* Clear all existing */
iowrite32(ioread32
(chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_INT_STATUS(chip->vendor.locality)),
chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_INT_STATUS(chip->vendor.locality));
/* Turn on */
iowrite32(intmask | TPM_GLOBAL_INT_ENABLE,
chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_INT_ENABLE(chip->vendor.locality));
/* Generate Interrupts */
tpm_gen_interrupt(chip);
/* Turn off */
iowrite32(intmask,
chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_INT_ENABLE(chip->vendor.locality));
free_irq(i, chip);
}
}
if (chip->vendor.irq) {
iowrite8(chip->vendor.irq,
chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_INT_VECTOR(chip->vendor.locality));
if (request_irq
(chip->vendor.irq, tis_int_handler, IRQF_SHARED,
chip->vendor.miscdev.name, chip) != 0) {
dev_info(chip->dev,
"Unable to request irq: %d for use\n",
chip->vendor.irq);
chip->vendor.irq = 0;
} else {
/* Clear all existing */
iowrite32(ioread32
(chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_INT_STATUS(chip->vendor.locality)),
chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_INT_STATUS(chip->vendor.locality));
/* Turn on */
iowrite32(intmask | TPM_GLOBAL_INT_ENABLE,
chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_INT_ENABLE(chip->vendor.locality));
}
}
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&chip->vendor.list);
spin_lock(&tis_lock);
list_add(&chip->vendor.list, &tis_chips);
spin_unlock(&tis_lock);
tpm_get_timeouts(chip);
tpm_continue_selftest(chip);
return 0;
out_err:
if (chip->vendor.iobase)
iounmap(chip->vendor.iobase);
tpm_remove_hardware(chip->dev);
return rc;
}
static int __devinit tpm_tis_pnp_init(struct pnp_dev *pnp_dev,
const struct pnp_device_id *pnp_id)
{
resource_size_t start, len;
unsigned int irq = 0;
start = pnp_mem_start(pnp_dev, 0);
len = pnp_mem_len(pnp_dev, 0);
if (pnp_irq_valid(pnp_dev, 0))
irq = pnp_irq(pnp_dev, 0);
else
interrupts = 0;
return tpm_tis_init(&pnp_dev->dev, start, len, irq);
}
static int tpm_tis_pnp_suspend(struct pnp_dev *dev, pm_message_t msg)
{
return tpm_pm_suspend(&dev->dev, msg);
}
static int tpm_tis_pnp_resume(struct pnp_dev *dev)
{
return tpm_pm_resume(&dev->dev);
}
static struct pnp_device_id tpm_pnp_tbl[] __devinitdata = {
{"PNP0C31", 0}, /* TPM */
{"ATM1200", 0}, /* Atmel */
{"IFX0102", 0}, /* Infineon */
{"BCM0101", 0}, /* Broadcom */
{"BCM0102", 0}, /* Broadcom */
{"NSC1200", 0}, /* National */
{"ICO0102", 0}, /* Intel */
/* Add new here */
{"", 0}, /* User Specified */
{"", 0} /* Terminator */
};
static __devexit void tpm_tis_pnp_remove(struct pnp_dev *dev)
{
struct tpm_chip *chip = pnp_get_drvdata(dev);
tpm_dev_vendor_release(chip);
kfree(chip);
}
static struct pnp_driver tis_pnp_driver = {
.name = "tpm_tis",
.id_table = tpm_pnp_tbl,
.probe = tpm_tis_pnp_init,
.suspend = tpm_tis_pnp_suspend,
.resume = tpm_tis_pnp_resume,
.remove = tpm_tis_pnp_remove,
};
#define TIS_HID_USR_IDX sizeof(tpm_pnp_tbl)/sizeof(struct pnp_device_id) -2
module_param_string(hid, tpm_pnp_tbl[TIS_HID_USR_IDX].id,
sizeof(tpm_pnp_tbl[TIS_HID_USR_IDX].id), 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(hid, "Set additional specific HID for this driver to probe");
static int tpm_tis_suspend(struct platform_device *dev, pm_message_t msg)
{
return tpm_pm_suspend(&dev->dev, msg);
}
static int tpm_tis_resume(struct platform_device *dev)
{
return tpm_pm_resume(&dev->dev);
}
static struct platform_driver tis_drv = {
.driver = {
.name = "tpm_tis",
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
},
.suspend = tpm_tis_suspend,
.resume = tpm_tis_resume,
};
static struct platform_device *pdev;
static int force;
module_param(force, bool, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(force, "Force device probe rather than using ACPI entry");
static int __init init_tis(void)
{
int rc;
if (force) {
rc = platform_driver_register(&tis_drv);
if (rc < 0)
return rc;
if (IS_ERR(pdev=platform_device_register_simple("tpm_tis", -1, NULL, 0)))
return PTR_ERR(pdev);
if((rc=tpm_tis_init(&pdev->dev, TIS_MEM_BASE, TIS_MEM_LEN, 0)) != 0) {
platform_device_unregister(pdev);
platform_driver_unregister(&tis_drv);
}
return rc;
}
return pnp_register_driver(&tis_pnp_driver);
}
static void __exit cleanup_tis(void)
{
struct tpm_vendor_specific *i, *j;
struct tpm_chip *chip;
spin_lock(&tis_lock);
list_for_each_entry_safe(i, j, &tis_chips, list) {
chip = to_tpm_chip(i);
tpm_remove_hardware(chip->dev);
iowrite32(~TPM_GLOBAL_INT_ENABLE &
ioread32(chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_INT_ENABLE(chip->vendor.
locality)),
chip->vendor.iobase +
TPM_INT_ENABLE(chip->vendor.locality));
release_locality(chip, chip->vendor.locality, 1);
if (chip->vendor.irq)
free_irq(chip->vendor.irq, chip);
iounmap(i->iobase);
list_del(&i->list);
}
spin_unlock(&tis_lock);
if (force) {
platform_device_unregister(pdev);
platform_driver_unregister(&tis_drv);
} else
pnp_unregister_driver(&tis_pnp_driver);
}
module_init(init_tis);
module_exit(cleanup_tis);
MODULE_AUTHOR("Leendert van Doorn (leendert@watson.ibm.com)");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("TPM Driver");
MODULE_VERSION("2.0");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");