format.cc
// Copyright (c) 2011-present, Facebook, Inc. All rights reserved.
// This source code is licensed under both the GPLv2 (found in the
// COPYING file in the root directory) and Apache 2.0 License
// (found in the LICENSE.Apache file in the root directory).
//
// Copyright (c) 2011 The LevelDB Authors. All rights reserved.
// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
// found in the LICENSE file. See the AUTHORS file for names of contributors.
#include "table/format.h"
#include <cinttypes>
#include <string>
#include "block_fetcher.h"
#include "logging/logging.h"
#include "memory/memory_allocator.h"
#include "monitoring/perf_context_imp.h"
#include "monitoring/statistics.h"
#include "rocksdb/env.h"
#include "table/block_based/block.h"
#include "table/block_based/block_based_table_reader.h"
#include "table/persistent_cache_helper.h"
#include "util/coding.h"
#include "util/compression.h"
#include "util/crc32c.h"
#include "util/file_reader_writer.h"
#include "util/stop_watch.h"
#include "util/string_util.h"
#include "util/xxhash.h"
namespace rocksdb {
extern const uint64_t kLegacyBlockBasedTableMagicNumber;
extern const uint64_t kBlockBasedTableMagicNumber;
#ifndef ROCKSDB_LITE
extern const uint64_t kLegacyPlainTableMagicNumber;
extern const uint64_t kPlainTableMagicNumber;
#else
// ROCKSDB_LITE doesn't have plain table
const uint64_t kLegacyPlainTableMagicNumber = 0;
const uint64_t kPlainTableMagicNumber = 0;
#endif
bool ShouldReportDetailedTime(Env* env, Statistics* stats) {
return env != nullptr && stats != nullptr &&
stats->get_stats_level() > kExceptDetailedTimers;
}
void BlockHandle::EncodeTo(std::string* dst) const {
// Sanity check that all fields have been set
assert(offset_ != ~static_cast<uint64_t>(0));
assert(size_ != ~static_cast<uint64_t>(0));
PutVarint64Varint64(dst, offset_, size_);
}
Status BlockHandle::DecodeFrom(Slice* input) {
if (GetVarint64(input, &offset_) && GetVarint64(input, &size_)) {
return Status::OK();
} else {
// reset in case failure after partially decoding
offset_ = 0;
size_ = 0;
return Status::Corruption("bad block handle");
}
}
Status BlockHandle::DecodeSizeFrom(uint64_t _offset, Slice* input) {
if (GetVarint64(input, &size_)) {
offset_ = _offset;
return Status::OK();
} else {
// reset in case failure after partially decoding
offset_ = 0;
size_ = 0;
return Status::Corruption("bad block handle");
}
}
// Return a string that contains the copy of handle.
std::string BlockHandle::ToString(bool hex) const {
std::string handle_str;
EncodeTo(&handle_str);
if (hex) {
return Slice(handle_str).ToString(true);
} else {
return handle_str;
}
}
const BlockHandle BlockHandle::kNullBlockHandle(0, 0);
void IndexValue::EncodeTo(std::string* dst, bool have_first_key,
const BlockHandle* previous_handle) const {
if (previous_handle) {
assert(handle.offset() == previous_handle->offset() +
previous_handle->size() + kBlockTrailerSize);
PutVarsignedint64(dst, handle.size() - previous_handle->size());
} else {
handle.EncodeTo(dst);
}
assert(dst->size() != 0);
if (have_first_key) {
PutLengthPrefixedSlice(dst, first_internal_key);
}
}
Status IndexValue::DecodeFrom(Slice* input, bool have_first_key,
const BlockHandle* previous_handle) {
if (previous_handle) {
int64_t delta;
if (!GetVarsignedint64(input, &delta)) {
return Status::Corruption("bad delta-encoded index value");
}
handle = BlockHandle(
previous_handle->offset() + previous_handle->size() + kBlockTrailerSize,
previous_handle->size() + delta);
} else {
Status s = handle.DecodeFrom(input);
if (!s.ok()) {
return s;
}
}
if (!have_first_key) {
first_internal_key = Slice();
} else if (!GetLengthPrefixedSlice(input, &first_internal_key)) {
return Status::Corruption("bad first key in block info");
}
return Status::OK();
}
std::string IndexValue::ToString(bool hex, bool have_first_key) const {
std::string s;
EncodeTo(&s, have_first_key, nullptr);
if (hex) {
return Slice(s).ToString(true);
} else {
return s;
}
}
namespace {
inline bool IsLegacyFooterFormat(uint64_t magic_number) {
return magic_number == kLegacyBlockBasedTableMagicNumber ||
magic_number == kLegacyPlainTableMagicNumber;
}
inline uint64_t UpconvertLegacyFooterFormat(uint64_t magic_number) {
if (magic_number == kLegacyBlockBasedTableMagicNumber) {
return kBlockBasedTableMagicNumber;
}
if (magic_number == kLegacyPlainTableMagicNumber) {
return kPlainTableMagicNumber;
}
assert(false);
return 0;
}
} // namespace
// legacy footer format:
// metaindex handle (varint64 offset, varint64 size)
// index handle (varint64 offset, varint64 size)
// <padding> to make the total size 2 * BlockHandle::kMaxEncodedLength
// table_magic_number (8 bytes)
// new footer format:
// checksum type (char, 1 byte)
// metaindex handle (varint64 offset, varint64 size)
// index handle (varint64 offset, varint64 size)
// <padding> to make the total size 2 * BlockHandle::kMaxEncodedLength + 1
// footer version (4 bytes)
// table_magic_number (8 bytes)
void Footer::EncodeTo(std::string* dst) const {
assert(HasInitializedTableMagicNumber());
if (IsLegacyFooterFormat(table_magic_number())) {
// has to be default checksum with legacy footer
assert(checksum_ == kCRC32c);
const size_t original_size = dst->size();
metaindex_handle_.EncodeTo(dst);
index_handle_.EncodeTo(dst);
dst->resize(original_size + 2 * BlockHandle::kMaxEncodedLength); // Padding
PutFixed32(dst, static_cast<uint32_t>(table_magic_number() & 0xffffffffu));
PutFixed32(dst, static_cast<uint32_t>(table_magic_number() >> 32));
assert(dst->size() == original_size + kVersion0EncodedLength);
} else {
const size_t original_size = dst->size();
dst->push_back(static_cast<char>(checksum_));
metaindex_handle_.EncodeTo(dst);
index_handle_.EncodeTo(dst);
dst->resize(original_size + kNewVersionsEncodedLength - 12); // Padding
PutFixed32(dst, version());
PutFixed32(dst, static_cast<uint32_t>(table_magic_number() & 0xffffffffu));
PutFixed32(dst, static_cast<uint32_t>(table_magic_number() >> 32));
assert(dst->size() == original_size + kNewVersionsEncodedLength);
}
}
Footer::Footer(uint64_t _table_magic_number, uint32_t _version)
: version_(_version),
checksum_(kCRC32c),
table_magic_number_(_table_magic_number) {
// This should be guaranteed by constructor callers
assert(!IsLegacyFooterFormat(_table_magic_number) || version_ == 0);
}
Status Footer::DecodeFrom(Slice* input) {
assert(!HasInitializedTableMagicNumber());
assert(input != nullptr);
assert(input->size() >= kMinEncodedLength);
const char* magic_ptr =
input->data() + input->size() - kMagicNumberLengthByte;
const uint32_t magic_lo = DecodeFixed32(magic_ptr);
const uint32_t magic_hi = DecodeFixed32(magic_ptr + 4);
uint64_t magic = ((static_cast<uint64_t>(magic_hi) << 32) |
(static_cast<uint64_t>(magic_lo)));
// We check for legacy formats here and silently upconvert them
bool legacy = IsLegacyFooterFormat(magic);
if (legacy) {
magic = UpconvertLegacyFooterFormat(magic);
}
set_table_magic_number(magic);
if (legacy) {
// The size is already asserted to be at least kMinEncodedLength
// at the beginning of the function
input->remove_prefix(input->size() - kVersion0EncodedLength);
version_ = 0 /* legacy */;
checksum_ = kCRC32c;
} else {
version_ = DecodeFixed32(magic_ptr - 4);
// Footer version 1 and higher will always occupy exactly this many bytes.
// It consists of the checksum type, two block handles, padding,
// a version number, and a magic number
if (input->size() < kNewVersionsEncodedLength) {
return Status::Corruption("input is too short to be an sstable");
} else {
input->remove_prefix(input->size() - kNewVersionsEncodedLength);
}
uint32_t chksum;
if (!GetVarint32(input, &chksum)) {
return Status::Corruption("bad checksum type");
}
checksum_ = static_cast<ChecksumType>(chksum);
}
Status result = metaindex_handle_.DecodeFrom(input);
if (result.ok()) {
result = index_handle_.DecodeFrom(input);
}
if (result.ok()) {
// We skip over any leftover data (just padding for now) in "input"
const char* end = magic_ptr + kMagicNumberLengthByte;
*input = Slice(end, input->data() + input->size() - end);
}
return result;
}
std::string Footer::ToString() const {
std::string result;
result.reserve(1024);
bool legacy = IsLegacyFooterFormat(table_magic_number_);
if (legacy) {
result.append("metaindex handle: " + metaindex_handle_.ToString() + "\n ");
result.append("index handle: " + index_handle_.ToString() + "\n ");
result.append("table_magic_number: " +
rocksdb::ToString(table_magic_number_) + "\n ");
} else {
result.append("checksum: " + rocksdb::ToString(checksum_) + "\n ");
result.append("metaindex handle: " + metaindex_handle_.ToString() + "\n ");
result.append("index handle: " + index_handle_.ToString() + "\n ");
result.append("footer version: " + rocksdb::ToString(version_) + "\n ");
result.append("table_magic_number: " +
rocksdb::ToString(table_magic_number_) + "\n ");
}
return result;
}
Status ReadFooterFromFile(RandomAccessFileReader* file,
FilePrefetchBuffer* prefetch_buffer,
uint64_t file_size, Footer* footer,
uint64_t enforce_table_magic_number) {
if (file_size < Footer::kMinEncodedLength) {
return Status::Corruption("file is too short (" + ToString(file_size) +
" bytes) to be an "
"sstable: " +
file->file_name());
}
char footer_space[Footer::kMaxEncodedLength];
Slice footer_input;
size_t read_offset =
(file_size > Footer::kMaxEncodedLength)
? static_cast<size_t>(file_size - Footer::kMaxEncodedLength)
: 0;
Status s;
if (prefetch_buffer == nullptr ||
!prefetch_buffer->TryReadFromCache(read_offset, Footer::kMaxEncodedLength,
&footer_input)) {
s = file->Read(read_offset, Footer::kMaxEncodedLength, &footer_input,
footer_space);
if (!s.ok()) return s;
}
// Check that we actually read the whole footer from the file. It may be
// that size isn't correct.
if (footer_input.size() < Footer::kMinEncodedLength) {
return Status::Corruption("file is too short (" + ToString(file_size) +
" bytes) to be an "
"sstable" +
file->file_name());
}
s = footer->DecodeFrom(&footer_input);
if (!s.ok()) {
return s;
}
if (enforce_table_magic_number != 0 &&
enforce_table_magic_number != footer->table_magic_number()) {
return Status::Corruption(
"Bad table magic number: expected " +
ToString(enforce_table_magic_number) + ", found " +
ToString(footer->table_magic_number()) + " in " + file->file_name());
}
return Status::OK();
}
Status UncompressBlockContentsForCompressionType(
const UncompressionInfo& uncompression_info, const char* data, size_t n,
BlockContents* contents, uint32_t format_version,
const ImmutableCFOptions& ioptions, MemoryAllocator* allocator) {
CacheAllocationPtr ubuf;
assert(uncompression_info.type() != kNoCompression &&
"Invalid compression type");
StopWatchNano timer(ioptions.env, ShouldReportDetailedTime(
ioptions.env, ioptions.statistics));
int decompress_size = 0;
switch (uncompression_info.type()) {
case kSnappyCompression: {
size_t ulength = 0;
static char snappy_corrupt_msg[] =
"Snappy not supported or corrupted Snappy compressed block contents";
if (!Snappy_GetUncompressedLength(data, n, &ulength)) {
return Status::Corruption(snappy_corrupt_msg);
}
ubuf = AllocateBlock(ulength, allocator);
if (!Snappy_Uncompress(data, n, ubuf.get())) {
return Status::Corruption(snappy_corrupt_msg);
}
*contents = BlockContents(std::move(ubuf), ulength);
break;
}
case kZlibCompression:
ubuf = Zlib_Uncompress(
uncompression_info, data, n, &decompress_size,
GetCompressFormatForVersion(kZlibCompression, format_version),
allocator);
if (!ubuf) {
static char zlib_corrupt_msg[] =
"Zlib not supported or corrupted Zlib compressed block contents";
return Status::Corruption(zlib_corrupt_msg);
}
*contents = BlockContents(std::move(ubuf), decompress_size);
break;
case kBZip2Compression:
ubuf = BZip2_Uncompress(
data, n, &decompress_size,
GetCompressFormatForVersion(kBZip2Compression, format_version),
allocator);
if (!ubuf) {
static char bzip2_corrupt_msg[] =
"Bzip2 not supported or corrupted Bzip2 compressed block contents";
return Status::Corruption(bzip2_corrupt_msg);
}
*contents = BlockContents(std::move(ubuf), decompress_size);
break;
case kLZ4Compression:
ubuf = LZ4_Uncompress(
uncompression_info, data, n, &decompress_size,
GetCompressFormatForVersion(kLZ4Compression, format_version),
allocator);
if (!ubuf) {
static char lz4_corrupt_msg[] =
"LZ4 not supported or corrupted LZ4 compressed block contents";
return Status::Corruption(lz4_corrupt_msg);
}
*contents = BlockContents(std::move(ubuf), decompress_size);
break;
case kLZ4HCCompression:
ubuf = LZ4_Uncompress(
uncompression_info, data, n, &decompress_size,
GetCompressFormatForVersion(kLZ4HCCompression, format_version),
allocator);
if (!ubuf) {
static char lz4hc_corrupt_msg[] =
"LZ4HC not supported or corrupted LZ4HC compressed block contents";
return Status::Corruption(lz4hc_corrupt_msg);
}
*contents = BlockContents(std::move(ubuf), decompress_size);
break;
case kXpressCompression:
// XPRESS allocates memory internally, thus no support for custom
// allocator.
ubuf.reset(XPRESS_Uncompress(data, n, &decompress_size));
if (!ubuf) {
static char xpress_corrupt_msg[] =
"XPRESS not supported or corrupted XPRESS compressed block "
"contents";
return Status::Corruption(xpress_corrupt_msg);
}
*contents = BlockContents(std::move(ubuf), decompress_size);
break;
case kZSTD:
case kZSTDNotFinalCompression:
ubuf = ZSTD_Uncompress(uncompression_info, data, n, &decompress_size,
allocator);
if (!ubuf) {
static char zstd_corrupt_msg[] =
"ZSTD not supported or corrupted ZSTD compressed block contents";
return Status::Corruption(zstd_corrupt_msg);
}
*contents = BlockContents(std::move(ubuf), decompress_size);
break;
default:
return Status::Corruption("bad block type");
}
if (ShouldReportDetailedTime(ioptions.env, ioptions.statistics)) {
RecordTimeToHistogram(ioptions.statistics, DECOMPRESSION_TIMES_NANOS,
timer.ElapsedNanos());
}
RecordTimeToHistogram(ioptions.statistics, BYTES_DECOMPRESSED,
contents->data.size());
RecordTick(ioptions.statistics, NUMBER_BLOCK_DECOMPRESSED);
return Status::OK();
}
//
// The 'data' points to the raw block contents that was read in from file.
// This method allocates a new heap buffer and the raw block
// contents are uncompresed into this buffer. This
// buffer is returned via 'result' and it is upto the caller to
// free this buffer.
// format_version is the block format as defined in include/rocksdb/table.h
Status UncompressBlockContents(const UncompressionInfo& uncompression_info,
const char* data, size_t n,
BlockContents* contents, uint32_t format_version,
const ImmutableCFOptions& ioptions,
MemoryAllocator* allocator) {
assert(data[n] != kNoCompression);
assert(data[n] == uncompression_info.type());
return UncompressBlockContentsForCompressionType(uncompression_info, data, n,
contents, format_version,
ioptions, allocator);
}
} // namespace rocksdb
