https://github.com/cran/RandomFields
Tip revision: 270c4ba0da8194f2f81416d85bae1ccbd3ed4933 authored by Martin Schlather on 08 August 1977, 00:00:00 UTC
version 1.0.4
version 1.0.4
Tip revision: 270c4ba
Methods.Rd
\name{RFMethods}
\alias{PrintMethodList}
\alias{GetMethodNames}
\title{Simulation Techniques}
\description{
\code{PrintMethodList} prints the list of currently implemented methods for
simulating random fields
\code{GetMethodNames} returns a list of currently implemented methods
}
\usage{
PrintMethodList()
GetMethodNames()
}
\details{
\itemize{
\item Boolean functions.\cr
See marked point processes.
\item \code{circulant embedding}. \cr
Introduced by Dietrich & Newsam (1993) and Wood and Chan (1994).
The way the method is implemented in this package
it only allows for quadratic grids with
common grid lengths.
\item \code{direct matrix decomposition}.\cr
This method is based on the well-known method for simulating
any multivariate Gaussian distribution, using the square root of the
covariance matrix. The method is pretty slow and limited to
about 1000 points, i.e. a 10x10x10 grid in three dimensions.
This implementation can use the Cholesky decomposition and
the singular value decomposition.
It allows for arbitrary points and arbitrary grids.
\item Marked point processes.\cr
Some methods are based on marked point process
\eqn{\Pi=\bigcup [x_i,m_i]}{P = ([x_1,m_1], [x_2,m_2], ...)}
where the marks \eqn{m_i}{m_i}
are deterministic or i.i.d. random functions on \eqn{R^d}{R^d}.
\itemize{
\item \code{add.MPP} (Random coins).\cr
Here the functions are elements
of the intersection \eqn{L_1 \cap L_2}{(L1 cap L2)}
of the Hilbert spaces \eqn{L_1}{L1} and \eqn{L_2}{L2}.
A random field Z is obtained by adding the marks:
\deqn{ Z(\cdot) = \sum_{[x_i,m_i] \in \Pi} m_i(\cdot - x_i)}{
Z(.) = sum_i m_i( . - x_i)}
In this package, only stationary Poisson point fields
are allowed
as underlying unmarked point processes.
Thus, if the marks \eqn{m_i}{m_i}
are all indicator functions, we obtain
a Poisson random field. If the intensity of the Poisson
process is high we obtain an approximate Gaussian random
field by the central limit theorem -- this is the
\code{add.mpp} method.
\item \code{max.MPP} (Boolean functions).\cr
If the random functions are multiplied by suitable,
independent random values, and then the maximum is
taken, a max-stable random field with unit Frechet margins
is obtained -- this is the \code{max.mpp}
method.
}
\item \code{nugget}.\cr
One may specify this method (and "nugget" as covariance
function) to generate a random field of
independent Gaussian random variables. However, any other
method and any covariance function, called with zero
variance, generates also such a random field (without loss
of speed).
This method exists mainly for reasons of internal
implementation.
\item Random coins.\cr
See marked point processes.
\item \code{spectral TBM} (Spectral turning bands).\cr
The principle of \code{spectral TBM}
does not differ from the other
turning bands methods. However, line simulations are performed by a
spectral technique (Mantoglou and Wilson, 1982); a
realisation is given as the cosine with random
amplitude and random phase.
The implementation allows the simulation of 2-dimensional random
fields defined on arbitrary points or arbitrary grids.
\item \code{TBM2}, \code{TBM3} (Turning bands methods).\cr
It is generally difficult to use the turning bands method
(\code{TBM2}) directly
in the 2-dimensional space.
Instead, 2-dimensional random fields are frequently obtained
by simulating a 3-dimensional random field (using
\code{TBM3}) and taking a 2-dimensional cross-section.\cr
\code{TBM2} and \code{TBM3} allow for arbitrary points, and
arbitrary grids
(arbitrary number of points in each direction, arbitrary grid length
for each direction)
}
}
\note{Most methods possess additional parameters,
see \code{\link{RFparameters}()}
that control the precision of the result. The default parameters
are chosen such that the simulations are fine for many models
and their parameters.
The example in \code{\link{EmpiricalVariogram}()}
shows a way of checking the precision.
}
\references{
Gneiting, T. and Schlather, M. (2001)
Statistical modeling with covariance functions.
\emph{In preparation.}
Schlather, M. (1999) \emph{An introduction to positive definite
functions and to unconditional simulation of random fields.}
Technical report ST 99-10, Dept. of Maths and Statistics,
Lancaster University.
Original work:
\itemize{
\item Circulant embedding:
Chan, G. and Wood, A.T.A. (1997)
An algorithm for simulating stationary Gaussian random fields.
\emph{J. R. Stat. Soc., Ser. C} \bold{46}, 171--181.
Dietrich, C.R. and Newsam, G.N. (1993)
A fast and exact method for multidimensional Gaussian
stochastic simulations.
\emph{Water Resour. Res.} \bold{29}, 2861--2869.
Wood, A.T.A. and Chan, G. (1994)
Simulation of stationary Gaussian processes in \eqn{[0,1]^d}{[0,1]^d}
\emph{J. Comput. Graph. Stat.} \bold{3}, 409--432.
\item Turning bands method (TBM):
Dietrich, C.R. (1995) A simple and efficient space domain implementation
of the turning bands method. \emph{Water Resour. Res.} \bold{31},
147--156.
Mantoglou, A. and Wilson, J.L. (1982) The turning bands method for
simulation of random fields using line generation by a spectral
method. \emph{Water. Resour. Res.} \bold{18}, 1379--1394.
Matheron, G. (1973)
The intrinsic random functions and their applications.
\emph{Adv. Appl. Probab.} \bold{5}, 439--468.
\item Random coins:
Matheron, G. (1967) \emph{Elements pour une Theorie des Milieux
Poreux}. Paris: Masson.
}
}
\author{Martin Schlather, \email{Martin.Schlather@uni-bayreuth.de}
\url{http://www.geo.uni-bayreuth.de/~martin}}
\seealso{\code{\link{GaussRF}}, \code{\link{MaxStableRF}}, and
\code{\link{RandomFields}}.}
\examples{
PrintMethodList()
}
\keyword{spatial}