na.pattern<-function(x)
{
  if(is.list(x)) {
    k <- length(x)
    n <- length(x[[1]])
    x <- matrix(unlist(x), n, k)
  }
  
  n <- dim(x)[1]
  k <- dim(x)[2]
  y <- matrix(as.integer(is.na(x)), n, k)
  pattern <- y[, 1]
  for(i in 2:k) {
    pattern <- paste(pattern, y[, i], sep = "")
  }

  table(pattern)
}