% fields, Tools for spatial data
% Copyright 2004-2011, Institute for Mathematics Applied Geosciences
% University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
% Licensed under the GPL -- www.gpl.org/licenses/gpl.html

\name{Colorado Monthly Meteorological Data}
\alias{COmonthlyMet}
\alias{CO.elev}
\alias{CO.id}
\alias{CO.loc}
\alias{CO.names}
\alias{CO.ppt}
\alias{CO.ppt.MAM}
\alias{CO.tmax}
\alias{CO.tmax.MAM}
\alias{CO.tmin}
\alias{CO.tmin.MAM}
\alias{CO.years}
\alias{CO.ppt.MAM.climate}
\alias{CO.tmax.MAM.climate}
\alias{CO.tmean.MAM.climate}
\alias{CO.tmin.MAM.climate}

\title{Monthly surface meterology for Colorado 1895-1997}

\description{

Source:
 These is a group of R data sets for monthly min/max temperatures and
precipitation over the period 1895-1997. It is a subset extracted from
the more extensive US data record described in at
\url{http://www.image.ucar.edu/Data/US.monthly.met}. Observed monthly
precipitation, min and max temperatures for the conterminous US
1895-1997. See also
 \url{http://www.image.ucar.edu/Data/US.monthly.met/CO.shtml} for an
on line document of this Colorado subset. Temperature is in degrees C and
precipitation is total monthly accumulation in millimeters. Note that
minimum (maximum) monthly tempertuare is the mean of the daily minimum
(maximum) temperatures. 

Data domain:
 
A rectagular lon/lat region [-109.5,-101]x [36.5,41.5] larger than the
boundary of Colorado comprises approximately 400 stations. Although
there are additional stations reported in this domain, stations that
only report preicipitation or only report temperatures have been
excluded. In addition stations that have mismatches between locations
and elevations from the two meta data files have also been excluded. The
net result is 367 stations that have colocated temperatures and
precipitation. 

}

\format{
This group of data sets is organized with the following  objects:
\describe{
\item{CO.info}{A data frame with columns: station id, elev, lon, lat, station name}

\item{CO.elev}{elevation in meters}

\item{CO.id}{ alphanumeric station id codes}

\item{CO.loc}{locations in lon/lat}

\item{CO.ppt CO.tmax CO.tmin}{Monthly means as three dimensional arrays ( Year, Month, Station).
Temperature is in degrees C and precipitation in total monthly
accumulation in millimeters.}

\item{CO.ppt.MAM CO.tmax.MAM CO.tmin.MAM}{Spring seasonal means 
(March, April,May) as two dimensional arrays
   (Year, Station).}

 \item{CO.MAM.ppt.climate CO.MAM.tmax.climate CO.MAM.tmin.climate}{Spring seasonal means 
(March, April,May) means by station for the period 1960-1990. If less than 15 years are present over this period an NA is recorded. 
No detreding or other adjustments have been made for these mean estimates. 
}
}


}

\examples{

data(COmonthlyMet)

#Spatial plot of 1997 Spring average daily maximum temps
 quilt.plot( CO.loc,CO.tmax.MAM[103,]  )
 US( add=TRUE)
 title( "Recorded MAM max temperatures (1997)")

# min and max temperatures against elevation

matplot( CO.elev, cbind( CO.tmax.MAM[103,], CO.tmin.MAM[103,]),
  pch="o", type="p",
  col=c("red", "blue"), xlab="Elevation (m)", ylab="Temperature (C)")
title("Recorded MAM max (red) and min (blue) temperatures 1997")


}
\section{Creation of data subset}{
Here is the precise R script used to create this data subset from the 
larger US monthly data set. This parent data set is available from 
\url{http://www.image.ucar.edu/public/Data} with a general description at
\url{http://www.image.ucar.edu/Data/US.monthly.met}.

 These technical details are not needed for casual use of the data -- 
skip down to examples for some R code that summarizes these data.
 
\preformatted{

attach("RData.USmonthlyMet.bin")

#To find a subset that covers Colorado (with a bit extra):


indt<- UStinfo$lon< -101 &  UStinfo$lon > -109.5
indt<- indt & UStinfo$lat<41.5 &  UStinfo$lat>36.5

# check  US(); points( UStinfo[indt,3:4])

#find common names restricting choices to the temperature names
tn<-  match(  UStinfo$station.id, USpinfo$station.id)
indt<- !is.na(tn) & indt

# compare  metadata locations and elevations. 
# initial matches to precip stations
CO.id<- UStinfo[indt,1]
CO.names<- as.character(UStinfo[indt,5])
pn<-  match(  CO.id, USpinfo$station.id)

loc1<- cbind( UStinfo$lon[indt], UStinfo$lat[indt], UStinfo$elev[indt])
loc2<- cbind( USpinfo$lon[pn], USpinfo$lat[pn], USpinfo$elev[pn])

abs(loc1- loc2) ->  temp
indbad<- temp[,1] > .02 | temp[,2]> .02 |  temp[,3] > 100

# tolerance at 100 meters set mainly to include the CLIMAX station
# a high altitude station. 

data.frame(CO.names[ indbad], loc1[indbad,], loc2[indbad,], temp[indbad,] )


#  CO.names.indbad.      X1    X2   X3    X1.1  X2.1 X3.1 X1.2 X2.2 X3.2
#1     ALTENBERN    -108.38 39.50 1734 -108.53 39.58 2074 0.15 0.08  340
#2     CAMPO 7 S    -102.57 37.02 1311 -102.68 37.08 1312 0.11 0.06    1
#3     FLAGLER 2 NW -103.08 39.32 1519 -103.07 39.28 1525 0.01 0.04    6
#4     GATEWAY 1 SE -108.98 38.68 1391 -108.93 38.70 1495 0.05 0.02  104
#5     IDALIA       -102.27 39.77 1211 -102.28 39.70 1208 0.01 0.07    3
#6     KARVAL       -103.53 38.73 1549 -103.52 38.80 1559 0.01 0.07   10
#7     NEW RAYMER   -103.85 40.60 1458 -103.83 40.58 1510 0.02 0.02   52

# modify the indt list to exclude these mismatches (there are 7 here)

badones<-  match(  CO.id[indbad], UStinfo$station.id)
indt[ badones] <- FALSE

###### now have working set of CO stations have both temp and precip 
##### and are reasonably close to each other. 

N<- sum( indt)
# put data in time series order instead of table of year by month.
CO.tmax<-  UStmax[,,indt]
CO.tmin<-  UStmin[,,indt]

CO.id<- as.character(UStinfo[indt,1])
CO.elev<- UStinfo[indt,2]
CO.loc <-  UStinfo[indt,3:4]
CO.names<- as.character(UStinfo[indt,5])

CO.years<- 1895:1997

# now find precip stations that match temp stations
pn<-  match(  CO.id, USpinfo$station.id)
# number of orphans
sum( is.na( pn))

pn<- pn[ !is.na( pn)]
CO.ppt<- USppt[,,pn]

# checks --- all should zero

ind<- match( CO.id[45], USpinfo$station.id)
mean( abs( c(USppt[,,ind])   - c(CO.ppt[,,45]) ) , na.rm=TRUE)

ind<- match( CO.id[45], UStinfo$station.id)
mean( abs(c((UStmax[,,ind])) - c(CO.tmax[,,45])), na.rm=TRUE)

mean( abs(c((UStmin[,,ind])) - c(CO.tmin[,,45])), na.rm=TRUE)


# check order
ind<- match( CO.id, USpinfo$station.id)
 sum( CO.id != USpinfo$station.id[ind])
ind<- match( CO.id, UStinfo$station.id)
 sum( CO.id != UStinfo$station.id[ind])


# (3 4 5) (6 7 8) (9 10 11)  (12 1 2)
N<- ncol( CO.tmax)

CO.tmax.MAM<- apply( CO.tmax[,3:5,],c(1,3), "mean")

CO.tmin.MAM<- apply( CO.tmin[,3:5,],c(1,3), "mean")

CO.ppt.MAM<- apply( CO.ppt[,3:5,],c(1,3), "sum")

# Now average over 1961-1990
ind<-  CO.years>=1960 & CO.years < 1990

 temp<- stats( CO.tmax.MAM[ind,])
 CO.tmax.MAM.climate<- ifelse( temp[1,] >= 15, temp[2,], NA)

 temp<- stats( CO.tmin.MAM[ind,])
 CO.tmin.MAM.climate<- ifelse( temp[1,] >= 15, temp[2,], NA)

 CO.tmean.MAM.climate<- (CO.tmin.MAM.climate + CO.tmin.MAM.climate)/2

 temp<- stats( CO.ppt.MAM[ind,])
 CO.ppt.MAM.climate<- ifelse( temp[1,] >= 15, temp[2,], NA)


save( list=c( "CO.tmax", "CO.tmin", "CO.ppt",
              "CO.id", "CO.loc","CO.years",
              "CO.names","CO.elev", 
              "CO.tmin.MAM", "CO.tmax.MAM", "CO.ppt.MAM",
              "CO.tmin.MAM.climate", "CO.tmax.MAM.climate", 
              "CO.ppt.MAM.climate", "CO.tmean.MAM.climate"), 
               file="COmonthlyMet.rda")
}

}
 
\keyword{datasets}
% docclass is data
% Converted by Sd2Rd version 1.21.