https://github.com/torvalds/linux
Tip revision: af42d3466bdc8f39806b26f593604fdc54140bcb authored by Linus Torvalds on 17 November 2019, 22:47:30 UTC
Linux 5.4-rc8
Linux 5.4-rc8
Tip revision: af42d34
dump_pagetables.c
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only
/*
* Debug helper to dump the current kernel pagetables of the system
* so that we can see what the various memory ranges are set to.
*
* (C) Copyright 2008 Intel Corporation
*
* Author: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com>
*/
#include <linux/debugfs.h>
#include <linux/kasan.h>
#include <linux/mm.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/highmem.h>
#include <linux/pci.h>
#include <asm/e820/types.h>
#include <asm/pgtable.h>
/*
* The dumper groups pagetable entries of the same type into one, and for
* that it needs to keep some state when walking, and flush this state
* when a "break" in the continuity is found.
*/
struct pg_state {
int level;
pgprot_t current_prot;
pgprotval_t effective_prot;
unsigned long start_address;
unsigned long current_address;
const struct addr_marker *marker;
unsigned long lines;
bool to_dmesg;
bool check_wx;
unsigned long wx_pages;
};
struct addr_marker {
unsigned long start_address;
const char *name;
unsigned long max_lines;
};
/* Address space markers hints */
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
enum address_markers_idx {
USER_SPACE_NR = 0,
KERNEL_SPACE_NR,
#ifdef CONFIG_MODIFY_LDT_SYSCALL
LDT_NR,
#endif
LOW_KERNEL_NR,
VMALLOC_START_NR,
VMEMMAP_START_NR,
#ifdef CONFIG_KASAN
KASAN_SHADOW_START_NR,
KASAN_SHADOW_END_NR,
#endif
CPU_ENTRY_AREA_NR,
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_ESPFIX64
ESPFIX_START_NR,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_EFI
EFI_END_NR,
#endif
HIGH_KERNEL_NR,
MODULES_VADDR_NR,
MODULES_END_NR,
FIXADDR_START_NR,
END_OF_SPACE_NR,
};
static struct addr_marker address_markers[] = {
[USER_SPACE_NR] = { 0, "User Space" },
[KERNEL_SPACE_NR] = { (1UL << 63), "Kernel Space" },
[LOW_KERNEL_NR] = { 0UL, "Low Kernel Mapping" },
[VMALLOC_START_NR] = { 0UL, "vmalloc() Area" },
[VMEMMAP_START_NR] = { 0UL, "Vmemmap" },
#ifdef CONFIG_KASAN
/*
* These fields get initialized with the (dynamic)
* KASAN_SHADOW_{START,END} values in pt_dump_init().
*/
[KASAN_SHADOW_START_NR] = { 0UL, "KASAN shadow" },
[KASAN_SHADOW_END_NR] = { 0UL, "KASAN shadow end" },
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_MODIFY_LDT_SYSCALL
[LDT_NR] = { 0UL, "LDT remap" },
#endif
[CPU_ENTRY_AREA_NR] = { CPU_ENTRY_AREA_BASE,"CPU entry Area" },
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_ESPFIX64
[ESPFIX_START_NR] = { ESPFIX_BASE_ADDR, "ESPfix Area", 16 },
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_EFI
[EFI_END_NR] = { EFI_VA_END, "EFI Runtime Services" },
#endif
[HIGH_KERNEL_NR] = { __START_KERNEL_map, "High Kernel Mapping" },
[MODULES_VADDR_NR] = { MODULES_VADDR, "Modules" },
[MODULES_END_NR] = { MODULES_END, "End Modules" },
[FIXADDR_START_NR] = { FIXADDR_START, "Fixmap Area" },
[END_OF_SPACE_NR] = { -1, NULL }
};
#define INIT_PGD ((pgd_t *) &init_top_pgt)
#else /* CONFIG_X86_64 */
enum address_markers_idx {
USER_SPACE_NR = 0,
KERNEL_SPACE_NR,
VMALLOC_START_NR,
VMALLOC_END_NR,
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
PKMAP_BASE_NR,
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_MODIFY_LDT_SYSCALL
LDT_NR,
#endif
CPU_ENTRY_AREA_NR,
FIXADDR_START_NR,
END_OF_SPACE_NR,
};
static struct addr_marker address_markers[] = {
[USER_SPACE_NR] = { 0, "User Space" },
[KERNEL_SPACE_NR] = { PAGE_OFFSET, "Kernel Mapping" },
[VMALLOC_START_NR] = { 0UL, "vmalloc() Area" },
[VMALLOC_END_NR] = { 0UL, "vmalloc() End" },
#ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
[PKMAP_BASE_NR] = { 0UL, "Persistent kmap() Area" },
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_MODIFY_LDT_SYSCALL
[LDT_NR] = { 0UL, "LDT remap" },
#endif
[CPU_ENTRY_AREA_NR] = { 0UL, "CPU entry area" },
[FIXADDR_START_NR] = { 0UL, "Fixmap area" },
[END_OF_SPACE_NR] = { -1, NULL }
};
#define INIT_PGD (swapper_pg_dir)
#endif /* !CONFIG_X86_64 */
/* Multipliers for offsets within the PTEs */
#define PTE_LEVEL_MULT (PAGE_SIZE)
#define PMD_LEVEL_MULT (PTRS_PER_PTE * PTE_LEVEL_MULT)
#define PUD_LEVEL_MULT (PTRS_PER_PMD * PMD_LEVEL_MULT)
#define P4D_LEVEL_MULT (PTRS_PER_PUD * PUD_LEVEL_MULT)
#define PGD_LEVEL_MULT (PTRS_PER_P4D * P4D_LEVEL_MULT)
#define pt_dump_seq_printf(m, to_dmesg, fmt, args...) \
({ \
if (to_dmesg) \
printk(KERN_INFO fmt, ##args); \
else \
if (m) \
seq_printf(m, fmt, ##args); \
})
#define pt_dump_cont_printf(m, to_dmesg, fmt, args...) \
({ \
if (to_dmesg) \
printk(KERN_CONT fmt, ##args); \
else \
if (m) \
seq_printf(m, fmt, ##args); \
})
/*
* Print a readable form of a pgprot_t to the seq_file
*/
static void printk_prot(struct seq_file *m, pgprot_t prot, int level, bool dmsg)
{
pgprotval_t pr = pgprot_val(prot);
static const char * const level_name[] =
{ "cr3", "pgd", "p4d", "pud", "pmd", "pte" };
if (!(pr & _PAGE_PRESENT)) {
/* Not present */
pt_dump_cont_printf(m, dmsg, " ");
} else {
if (pr & _PAGE_USER)
pt_dump_cont_printf(m, dmsg, "USR ");
else
pt_dump_cont_printf(m, dmsg, " ");
if (pr & _PAGE_RW)
pt_dump_cont_printf(m, dmsg, "RW ");
else
pt_dump_cont_printf(m, dmsg, "ro ");
if (pr & _PAGE_PWT)
pt_dump_cont_printf(m, dmsg, "PWT ");
else
pt_dump_cont_printf(m, dmsg, " ");
if (pr & _PAGE_PCD)
pt_dump_cont_printf(m, dmsg, "PCD ");
else
pt_dump_cont_printf(m, dmsg, " ");
/* Bit 7 has a different meaning on level 3 vs 4 */
if (level <= 4 && pr & _PAGE_PSE)
pt_dump_cont_printf(m, dmsg, "PSE ");
else
pt_dump_cont_printf(m, dmsg, " ");
if ((level == 5 && pr & _PAGE_PAT) ||
((level == 4 || level == 3) && pr & _PAGE_PAT_LARGE))
pt_dump_cont_printf(m, dmsg, "PAT ");
else
pt_dump_cont_printf(m, dmsg, " ");
if (pr & _PAGE_GLOBAL)
pt_dump_cont_printf(m, dmsg, "GLB ");
else
pt_dump_cont_printf(m, dmsg, " ");
if (pr & _PAGE_NX)
pt_dump_cont_printf(m, dmsg, "NX ");
else
pt_dump_cont_printf(m, dmsg, "x ");
}
pt_dump_cont_printf(m, dmsg, "%s\n", level_name[level]);
}
/*
* On 64 bits, sign-extend the 48 bit address to 64 bit
*/
static unsigned long normalize_addr(unsigned long u)
{
int shift;
if (!IS_ENABLED(CONFIG_X86_64))
return u;
shift = 64 - (__VIRTUAL_MASK_SHIFT + 1);
return (signed long)(u << shift) >> shift;
}
static void note_wx(struct pg_state *st)
{
unsigned long npages;
npages = (st->current_address - st->start_address) / PAGE_SIZE;
#ifdef CONFIG_PCI_BIOS
/*
* If PCI BIOS is enabled, the PCI BIOS area is forced to WX.
* Inform about it, but avoid the warning.
*/
if (pcibios_enabled && st->start_address >= PAGE_OFFSET + BIOS_BEGIN &&
st->current_address <= PAGE_OFFSET + BIOS_END) {
pr_warn_once("x86/mm: PCI BIOS W+X mapping %lu pages\n", npages);
return;
}
#endif
/* Account the WX pages */
st->wx_pages += npages;
WARN_ONCE(__supported_pte_mask & _PAGE_NX,
"x86/mm: Found insecure W+X mapping at address %pS\n",
(void *)st->start_address);
}
/*
* This function gets called on a break in a continuous series
* of PTE entries; the next one is different so we need to
* print what we collected so far.
*/
static void note_page(struct seq_file *m, struct pg_state *st,
pgprot_t new_prot, pgprotval_t new_eff, int level)
{
pgprotval_t prot, cur, eff;
static const char units[] = "BKMGTPE";
/*
* If we have a "break" in the series, we need to flush the state that
* we have now. "break" is either changing perms, levels or
* address space marker.
*/
prot = pgprot_val(new_prot);
cur = pgprot_val(st->current_prot);
eff = st->effective_prot;
if (!st->level) {
/* First entry */
st->current_prot = new_prot;
st->effective_prot = new_eff;
st->level = level;
st->marker = address_markers;
st->lines = 0;
pt_dump_seq_printf(m, st->to_dmesg, "---[ %s ]---\n",
st->marker->name);
} else if (prot != cur || new_eff != eff || level != st->level ||
st->current_address >= st->marker[1].start_address) {
const char *unit = units;
unsigned long delta;
int width = sizeof(unsigned long) * 2;
if (st->check_wx && (eff & _PAGE_RW) && !(eff & _PAGE_NX))
note_wx(st);
/*
* Now print the actual finished series
*/
if (!st->marker->max_lines ||
st->lines < st->marker->max_lines) {
pt_dump_seq_printf(m, st->to_dmesg,
"0x%0*lx-0x%0*lx ",
width, st->start_address,
width, st->current_address);
delta = st->current_address - st->start_address;
while (!(delta & 1023) && unit[1]) {
delta >>= 10;
unit++;
}
pt_dump_cont_printf(m, st->to_dmesg, "%9lu%c ",
delta, *unit);
printk_prot(m, st->current_prot, st->level,
st->to_dmesg);
}
st->lines++;
/*
* We print markers for special areas of address space,
* such as the start of vmalloc space etc.
* This helps in the interpretation.
*/
if (st->current_address >= st->marker[1].start_address) {
if (st->marker->max_lines &&
st->lines > st->marker->max_lines) {
unsigned long nskip =
st->lines - st->marker->max_lines;
pt_dump_seq_printf(m, st->to_dmesg,
"... %lu entr%s skipped ... \n",
nskip,
nskip == 1 ? "y" : "ies");
}
st->marker++;
st->lines = 0;
pt_dump_seq_printf(m, st->to_dmesg, "---[ %s ]---\n",
st->marker->name);
}
st->start_address = st->current_address;
st->current_prot = new_prot;
st->effective_prot = new_eff;
st->level = level;
}
}
static inline pgprotval_t effective_prot(pgprotval_t prot1, pgprotval_t prot2)
{
return (prot1 & prot2 & (_PAGE_USER | _PAGE_RW)) |
((prot1 | prot2) & _PAGE_NX);
}
static void walk_pte_level(struct seq_file *m, struct pg_state *st, pmd_t addr,
pgprotval_t eff_in, unsigned long P)
{
int i;
pte_t *pte;
pgprotval_t prot, eff;
for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PTE; i++) {
st->current_address = normalize_addr(P + i * PTE_LEVEL_MULT);
pte = pte_offset_map(&addr, st->current_address);
prot = pte_flags(*pte);
eff = effective_prot(eff_in, prot);
note_page(m, st, __pgprot(prot), eff, 5);
pte_unmap(pte);
}
}
#ifdef CONFIG_KASAN
/*
* This is an optimization for KASAN=y case. Since all kasan page tables
* eventually point to the kasan_early_shadow_page we could call note_page()
* right away without walking through lower level page tables. This saves
* us dozens of seconds (minutes for 5-level config) while checking for
* W+X mapping or reading kernel_page_tables debugfs file.
*/
static inline bool kasan_page_table(struct seq_file *m, struct pg_state *st,
void *pt)
{
if (__pa(pt) == __pa(kasan_early_shadow_pmd) ||
(pgtable_l5_enabled() &&
__pa(pt) == __pa(kasan_early_shadow_p4d)) ||
__pa(pt) == __pa(kasan_early_shadow_pud)) {
pgprotval_t prot = pte_flags(kasan_early_shadow_pte[0]);
note_page(m, st, __pgprot(prot), 0, 5);
return true;
}
return false;
}
#else
static inline bool kasan_page_table(struct seq_file *m, struct pg_state *st,
void *pt)
{
return false;
}
#endif
#if PTRS_PER_PMD > 1
static void walk_pmd_level(struct seq_file *m, struct pg_state *st, pud_t addr,
pgprotval_t eff_in, unsigned long P)
{
int i;
pmd_t *start, *pmd_start;
pgprotval_t prot, eff;
pmd_start = start = (pmd_t *)pud_page_vaddr(addr);
for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PMD; i++) {
st->current_address = normalize_addr(P + i * PMD_LEVEL_MULT);
if (!pmd_none(*start)) {
prot = pmd_flags(*start);
eff = effective_prot(eff_in, prot);
if (pmd_large(*start) || !pmd_present(*start)) {
note_page(m, st, __pgprot(prot), eff, 4);
} else if (!kasan_page_table(m, st, pmd_start)) {
walk_pte_level(m, st, *start, eff,
P + i * PMD_LEVEL_MULT);
}
} else
note_page(m, st, __pgprot(0), 0, 4);
start++;
}
}
#else
#define walk_pmd_level(m,s,a,e,p) walk_pte_level(m,s,__pmd(pud_val(a)),e,p)
#define pud_large(a) pmd_large(__pmd(pud_val(a)))
#define pud_none(a) pmd_none(__pmd(pud_val(a)))
#endif
#if PTRS_PER_PUD > 1
static void walk_pud_level(struct seq_file *m, struct pg_state *st, p4d_t addr,
pgprotval_t eff_in, unsigned long P)
{
int i;
pud_t *start, *pud_start;
pgprotval_t prot, eff;
pud_start = start = (pud_t *)p4d_page_vaddr(addr);
for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PUD; i++) {
st->current_address = normalize_addr(P + i * PUD_LEVEL_MULT);
if (!pud_none(*start)) {
prot = pud_flags(*start);
eff = effective_prot(eff_in, prot);
if (pud_large(*start) || !pud_present(*start)) {
note_page(m, st, __pgprot(prot), eff, 3);
} else if (!kasan_page_table(m, st, pud_start)) {
walk_pmd_level(m, st, *start, eff,
P + i * PUD_LEVEL_MULT);
}
} else
note_page(m, st, __pgprot(0), 0, 3);
start++;
}
}
#else
#define walk_pud_level(m,s,a,e,p) walk_pmd_level(m,s,__pud(p4d_val(a)),e,p)
#define p4d_large(a) pud_large(__pud(p4d_val(a)))
#define p4d_none(a) pud_none(__pud(p4d_val(a)))
#endif
static void walk_p4d_level(struct seq_file *m, struct pg_state *st, pgd_t addr,
pgprotval_t eff_in, unsigned long P)
{
int i;
p4d_t *start, *p4d_start;
pgprotval_t prot, eff;
if (PTRS_PER_P4D == 1)
return walk_pud_level(m, st, __p4d(pgd_val(addr)), eff_in, P);
p4d_start = start = (p4d_t *)pgd_page_vaddr(addr);
for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_P4D; i++) {
st->current_address = normalize_addr(P + i * P4D_LEVEL_MULT);
if (!p4d_none(*start)) {
prot = p4d_flags(*start);
eff = effective_prot(eff_in, prot);
if (p4d_large(*start) || !p4d_present(*start)) {
note_page(m, st, __pgprot(prot), eff, 2);
} else if (!kasan_page_table(m, st, p4d_start)) {
walk_pud_level(m, st, *start, eff,
P + i * P4D_LEVEL_MULT);
}
} else
note_page(m, st, __pgprot(0), 0, 2);
start++;
}
}
#define pgd_large(a) (pgtable_l5_enabled() ? pgd_large(a) : p4d_large(__p4d(pgd_val(a))))
#define pgd_none(a) (pgtable_l5_enabled() ? pgd_none(a) : p4d_none(__p4d(pgd_val(a))))
static inline bool is_hypervisor_range(int idx)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
/*
* A hole in the beginning of kernel address space reserved
* for a hypervisor.
*/
return (idx >= pgd_index(GUARD_HOLE_BASE_ADDR)) &&
(idx < pgd_index(GUARD_HOLE_END_ADDR));
#else
return false;
#endif
}
static void ptdump_walk_pgd_level_core(struct seq_file *m, pgd_t *pgd,
bool checkwx, bool dmesg)
{
pgd_t *start = INIT_PGD;
pgprotval_t prot, eff;
int i;
struct pg_state st = {};
if (pgd) {
start = pgd;
st.to_dmesg = dmesg;
}
st.check_wx = checkwx;
if (checkwx)
st.wx_pages = 0;
for (i = 0; i < PTRS_PER_PGD; i++) {
st.current_address = normalize_addr(i * PGD_LEVEL_MULT);
if (!pgd_none(*start) && !is_hypervisor_range(i)) {
prot = pgd_flags(*start);
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_PAE
eff = _PAGE_USER | _PAGE_RW;
#else
eff = prot;
#endif
if (pgd_large(*start) || !pgd_present(*start)) {
note_page(m, &st, __pgprot(prot), eff, 1);
} else {
walk_p4d_level(m, &st, *start, eff,
i * PGD_LEVEL_MULT);
}
} else
note_page(m, &st, __pgprot(0), 0, 1);
cond_resched();
start++;
}
/* Flush out the last page */
st.current_address = normalize_addr(PTRS_PER_PGD*PGD_LEVEL_MULT);
note_page(m, &st, __pgprot(0), 0, 0);
if (!checkwx)
return;
if (st.wx_pages)
pr_info("x86/mm: Checked W+X mappings: FAILED, %lu W+X pages found.\n",
st.wx_pages);
else
pr_info("x86/mm: Checked W+X mappings: passed, no W+X pages found.\n");
}
void ptdump_walk_pgd_level(struct seq_file *m, pgd_t *pgd)
{
ptdump_walk_pgd_level_core(m, pgd, false, true);
}
void ptdump_walk_pgd_level_debugfs(struct seq_file *m, pgd_t *pgd, bool user)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION
if (user && boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_PTI))
pgd = kernel_to_user_pgdp(pgd);
#endif
ptdump_walk_pgd_level_core(m, pgd, false, false);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(ptdump_walk_pgd_level_debugfs);
void ptdump_walk_user_pgd_level_checkwx(void)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_PAGE_TABLE_ISOLATION
pgd_t *pgd = INIT_PGD;
if (!(__supported_pte_mask & _PAGE_NX) ||
!boot_cpu_has(X86_FEATURE_PTI))
return;
pr_info("x86/mm: Checking user space page tables\n");
pgd = kernel_to_user_pgdp(pgd);
ptdump_walk_pgd_level_core(NULL, pgd, true, false);
#endif
}
void ptdump_walk_pgd_level_checkwx(void)
{
ptdump_walk_pgd_level_core(NULL, NULL, true, false);
}
static int __init pt_dump_init(void)
{
/*
* Various markers are not compile-time constants, so assign them
* here.
*/
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_64
address_markers[LOW_KERNEL_NR].start_address = PAGE_OFFSET;
address_markers[VMALLOC_START_NR].start_address = VMALLOC_START;
address_markers[VMEMMAP_START_NR].start_address = VMEMMAP_START;
#ifdef CONFIG_MODIFY_LDT_SYSCALL
address_markers[LDT_NR].start_address = LDT_BASE_ADDR;
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_KASAN
address_markers[KASAN_SHADOW_START_NR].start_address = KASAN_SHADOW_START;
address_markers[KASAN_SHADOW_END_NR].start_address = KASAN_SHADOW_END;
#endif
#endif
#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
address_markers[VMALLOC_START_NR].start_address = VMALLOC_START;
address_markers[VMALLOC_END_NR].start_address = VMALLOC_END;
# ifdef CONFIG_HIGHMEM
address_markers[PKMAP_BASE_NR].start_address = PKMAP_BASE;
# endif
address_markers[FIXADDR_START_NR].start_address = FIXADDR_START;
address_markers[CPU_ENTRY_AREA_NR].start_address = CPU_ENTRY_AREA_BASE;
# ifdef CONFIG_MODIFY_LDT_SYSCALL
address_markers[LDT_NR].start_address = LDT_BASE_ADDR;
# endif
#endif
return 0;
}
__initcall(pt_dump_init);