# This file is a part of Julia. License is MIT: https://julialang.org/license

# commented-out definitions are implemented in C

#abstract type Any <: Any end
#abstract type Type{T} end

#abstract type Vararg{T} end

#mutable struct Symbol
## opaque
#end

#mutable struct TypeName
#    name::Symbol
#end

#mutable struct DataType <: Type
#    name::TypeName
#    super::Type
#    parameters::Tuple
#    names::Tuple
#    types::Tuple
#    ctor
#    instance
#    size::Int32
#    abstract::Bool
#    mutable::Bool
#    pointerfree::Bool
#end

#struct Union <: Type
#    a
#    b
#end

#mutable struct TypeVar
#    name::Symbol
#    lb::Type
#    ub::Type
#end

#struct UnionAll
#    var::TypeVar
#    body
#end

#struct Nothing
#end
#const nothing = Nothing()

#abstract type AbstractArray{T,N} end
#abstract type DenseArray{T,N} <: AbstractArray{T,N} end

#mutable struct Array{T,N} <: DenseArray{T,N}
## opaque
#end

#mutable struct Module
## opaque
#end

#mutable struct SimpleVector
## opaque
#end

#mutable struct String
## opaque
#end

#mutable struct Method
#...
#end

#mutable struct MethodInstance
#...
#end

#mutable struct CodeInstance
#...
#end

#mutable struct CodeInfo
#...
#end

#mutable struct TypeMapLevel
#...
#end

#mutable struct TypeMapEntry
#...
#end

#abstract type Ref{T} end
#primitive type Ptr{T} <: Ref{T} {32|64} end

# types for the front end

#mutable struct Expr
#    head::Symbol
#    args::Array{Any,1}
#end

#struct LineNumberNode
#    line::Int
#    file::Union{Symbol,Nothing}
#end

#struct LineInfoNode
#    module::Module
#    method::Symbol
#    file::Symbol
#    line::Int32
#    inlined_at::Int32
#end

#struct GotoNode
#    label::Int
#end

#struct GotoIfNot
#    cond::Any
#    dest::Int
#end

#struct ReturnNode
#    val::Any
#end

#struct PiNode
#    val
#    typ
#end

#struct PhiNode
#    edges::Vector{Int32}
#    values::Vector{Any}
#end

#struct PhiCNode
#    values::Vector{Any}
#end

#struct UpsilonNode
#    val
#end

#struct QuoteNode
#    value
#end

#struct GlobalRef
#    mod::Module
#    name::Symbol
#end

#mutable struct Task
#    parent::Task
#    storage::Any
#    state::Symbol
#    donenotify::Any
#    result::Any
#    exception::Any
#    backtrace::Any
#    logstate::Any
#    code::Any
#end

export
    # key types
    Any, DataType, Vararg, NTuple,
    Tuple, Type, UnionAll, TypeVar, Union, Nothing, Cvoid,
    AbstractArray, DenseArray, NamedTuple, Pair,
    # special objects
    Function, Method,
    Module, Symbol, Task, Array, UndefInitializer, undef, WeakRef, VecElement,
    # numeric types
    Number, Real, Integer, Bool, Ref, Ptr,
    AbstractFloat, Float16, Float32, Float64,
    Signed, Int, Int8, Int16, Int32, Int64, Int128,
    Unsigned, UInt, UInt8, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64, UInt128,
    # string types
    AbstractChar, Char, AbstractString, String, IO,
    # errors
    ErrorException, BoundsError, DivideError, DomainError, Exception,
    InterruptException, InexactError, OutOfMemoryError, ReadOnlyMemoryError,
    OverflowError, StackOverflowError, SegmentationFault, UndefRefError, UndefVarError,
    TypeError, ArgumentError, MethodError, AssertionError, LoadError, InitError,
    UndefKeywordError, ConcurrencyViolationError,
    # AST representation
    Expr, QuoteNode, LineNumberNode, GlobalRef,
    # object model functions
    fieldtype, getfield, setfield!, swapfield!, modifyfield!, replacefield!,
    nfields, throw, tuple, ===, isdefined, eval,
    # access to globals
    getglobal, setglobal!,
    # ifelse, sizeof    # not exported, to avoid conflicting with Base
    # type reflection
    <:, typeof, isa, typeassert,
    # method reflection
    applicable, invoke,
    # constants
    nothing, Main

const getproperty = getfield # TODO: use `getglobal` for modules instead
const setproperty! = setfield!

abstract type Number end
abstract type Real     <: Number end
abstract type AbstractFloat <: Real end
abstract type Integer  <: Real end
abstract type Signed   <: Integer end
abstract type Unsigned <: Integer end

primitive type Float16 <: AbstractFloat 16 end
primitive type Float32 <: AbstractFloat 32 end
primitive type Float64 <: AbstractFloat 64 end

#primitive type Bool <: Integer 8 end
abstract type AbstractChar end
primitive type Char <: AbstractChar 32 end

primitive type Int8    <: Signed   8 end
#primitive type UInt8   <: Unsigned 8 end
primitive type Int16   <: Signed   16 end
#primitive type UInt16  <: Unsigned 16 end
#primitive type Int32   <: Signed   32 end
#primitive type UInt32  <: Unsigned 32 end
#primitive type Int64   <: Signed   64 end
#primitive type UInt64  <: Unsigned 64 end
primitive type Int128  <: Signed   128 end
primitive type UInt128 <: Unsigned 128 end

if Int === Int64
    const UInt = UInt64
else
    const UInt = UInt32
end

function iterate end
function Typeof end
ccall(:jl_toplevel_eval_in, Any, (Any, Any),
      Core, quote
      (f::typeof(Typeof))(x) = ($(_expr(:meta,:nospecialize,:x)); isa(x,Type) ? Type{x} : typeof(x))
      end)


macro nospecialize(x)
    _expr(:meta, :nospecialize, x)
end

TypeVar(n::Symbol) = _typevar(n, Union{}, Any)
TypeVar(n::Symbol, @nospecialize(ub)) = _typevar(n, Union{}, ub)
TypeVar(n::Symbol, @nospecialize(lb), @nospecialize(ub)) = _typevar(n, lb, ub)

UnionAll(v::TypeVar, @nospecialize(t)) = ccall(:jl_type_unionall, Any, (Any, Any), v, t)

const Vararg = ccall(:jl_toplevel_eval_in, Any, (Any, Any), Core, _expr(:new, TypeofVararg))

# let the compiler assume that calling Union{} as a constructor does not need
# to be considered ever (which comes up often as Type{<:T})
Union{}(a...) = throw(MethodError(Union{}, a))

Expr(@nospecialize args...) = _expr(args...)

abstract type Exception end
struct ErrorException <: Exception
    msg::AbstractString
end

macro inline()   Expr(:meta, :inline)   end
macro noinline() Expr(:meta, :noinline) end

struct BoundsError <: Exception
    a::Any
    i::Any
    BoundsError() = new()
    BoundsError(@nospecialize(a)) = (@noinline; new(a))
    BoundsError(@nospecialize(a), i) = (@noinline; new(a,i))
end
struct DivideError         <: Exception end
struct OutOfMemoryError    <: Exception end
struct ReadOnlyMemoryError <: Exception end
struct SegmentationFault   <: Exception end
struct StackOverflowError  <: Exception end
struct UndefRefError       <: Exception end
struct UndefVarError <: Exception
    var::Symbol
end
struct ConcurrencyViolationError <: Exception
    msg::AbstractString
end
struct InterruptException <: Exception end
struct DomainError <: Exception
    val
    msg::AbstractString
    DomainError(@nospecialize(val)) = (@noinline; new(val, ""))
    DomainError(@nospecialize(val), @nospecialize(msg)) = (@noinline; new(val, msg))
end
struct TypeError <: Exception
    # `func` is the name of the builtin function that encountered a type error,
    # the name of the type that hit an error in its definition or application, or
    # some other brief description of where the error happened.
    # `context` optionally adds extra detail, e.g. the name of the type parameter
    # that got a bad value.
    func::Symbol
    context::Union{AbstractString,Symbol}
    expected::Type
    got
    TypeError(func, context, @nospecialize(expected::Type), @nospecialize(got)) =
        new(func, context, expected, got)
end
TypeError(where, @nospecialize(expected::Type), @nospecialize(got)) =
    TypeError(Symbol(where), "", expected, got)
struct InexactError <: Exception
    func::Symbol
    T  # Type
    val
    InexactError(f::Symbol, @nospecialize(T), @nospecialize(val)) = (@noinline; new(f, T, val))
end
struct OverflowError <: Exception
    msg::AbstractString
end

struct ArgumentError <: Exception
    msg::AbstractString
end
struct UndefKeywordError <: Exception
    var::Symbol
end

struct MethodError <: Exception
    f
    args
    world::UInt
    MethodError(@nospecialize(f), @nospecialize(args), world::UInt) = new(f, args, world)
end
const typemax_UInt = ccall(:jl_typemax_uint, Any, (Any,), UInt)
MethodError(@nospecialize(f), @nospecialize(args)) = MethodError(f, args, typemax_UInt)

struct AssertionError <: Exception
    msg::AbstractString
end
AssertionError() = AssertionError("")

abstract type WrappedException <: Exception end

struct LoadError <: WrappedException
    file::AbstractString
    line::Int
    error
end

struct InitError <: WrappedException
    mod::Symbol
    error
end

String(s::String) = s  # no constructor yet

const Cvoid = Nothing
Nothing() = nothing

# This should always be inlined
getptls() = ccall(:jl_get_ptls_states, Ptr{Cvoid}, ())

include(m::Module, fname::String) = ccall(:jl_load_, Any, (Any, Any), m, fname)

eval(m::Module, @nospecialize(e)) = ccall(:jl_toplevel_eval_in, Any, (Any, Any), m, e)

# dispatch token indicating a kwarg (keyword sorter) call
function kwcall end
# deprecated internal functions:
kwfunc(@nospecialize(f)) = kwcall
kwftype(@nospecialize(t)) = typeof(kwcall)

mutable struct Box
    contents::Any
    Box(@nospecialize(x)) = new(x)
    Box() = new()
end

# constructors for built-in types

mutable struct WeakRef
    value
    WeakRef() = WeakRef(nothing)
    WeakRef(@nospecialize(v)) = ccall(:jl_gc_new_weakref_th, Ref{WeakRef},
                                      (Ptr{Cvoid}, Any), getptls(), v)
end

Tuple{}() = ()

struct VecElement{T}
    value::T
    VecElement{T}(value::T) where {T} = new(value) # disable converting constructor in Core
end
VecElement(arg::T) where {T} = VecElement{T}(arg)

eval(Core, quote
    GotoNode(label::Int) = $(Expr(:new, :GotoNode, :label))
    NewvarNode(slot::SlotNumber) = $(Expr(:new, :NewvarNode, :slot))
    QuoteNode(@nospecialize value) = $(Expr(:new, :QuoteNode, :value))
    SSAValue(id::Int) = $(Expr(:new, :SSAValue, :id))
    Argument(n::Int) = $(Expr(:new, :Argument, :n))
    ReturnNode(@nospecialize val) = $(Expr(:new, :ReturnNode, :val))
    ReturnNode() = $(Expr(:new, :ReturnNode)) # unassigned val indicates unreachable
    GotoIfNot(@nospecialize(cond), dest::Int) = $(Expr(:new, :GotoIfNot, :cond, :dest))
    LineNumberNode(l::Int) = $(Expr(:new, :LineNumberNode, :l, nothing))
    function LineNumberNode(l::Int, @nospecialize(f))
        isa(f, String) && (f = Symbol(f))
        return $(Expr(:new, :LineNumberNode, :l, :f))
    end
    LineInfoNode(mod::Module, @nospecialize(method), file::Symbol, line::Int32, inlined_at::Int32) =
        $(Expr(:new, :LineInfoNode, :mod, :method, :file, :line, :inlined_at))
    GlobalRef(m::Module, s::Symbol, binding::Ptr{Nothing}) = $(Expr(:new, :GlobalRef, :m, :s, :binding))
    SlotNumber(n::Int) = $(Expr(:new, :SlotNumber, :n))
    TypedSlot(n::Int, @nospecialize(t)) = $(Expr(:new, :TypedSlot, :n, :t))
    PhiNode(edges::Array{Int32, 1}, values::Array{Any, 1}) = $(Expr(:new, :PhiNode, :edges, :values))
    PiNode(@nospecialize(val), @nospecialize(typ)) = $(Expr(:new, :PiNode, :val, :typ))
    PhiCNode(values::Array{Any, 1}) = $(Expr(:new, :PhiCNode, :values))
    UpsilonNode(@nospecialize(val)) = $(Expr(:new, :UpsilonNode, :val))
    UpsilonNode() = $(Expr(:new, :UpsilonNode))
    function CodeInstance(
        mi::MethodInstance, @nospecialize(rettype), @nospecialize(inferred_const),
        @nospecialize(inferred), const_flags::Int32, min_world::UInt, max_world::UInt,
        ipo_effects::UInt32, effects::UInt32, @nospecialize(argescapes#=::Union{Nothing,Vector{ArgEscapeInfo}}=#),
        relocatability::UInt8)
        return ccall(:jl_new_codeinst, Ref{CodeInstance},
            (Any, Any, Any, Any, Int32, UInt, UInt, UInt32, UInt32, Any, UInt8),
            mi, rettype, inferred_const, inferred, const_flags, min_world, max_world,
            ipo_effects, effects, argescapes,
            relocatability)
    end
    Const(@nospecialize(v)) = $(Expr(:new, :Const, :v))
    # NOTE the main constructor is defined within `Core.Compiler`
    _PartialStruct(@nospecialize(typ), fields::Array{Any, 1}) = $(Expr(:new, :PartialStruct, :typ, :fields))
    PartialOpaque(@nospecialize(typ), @nospecialize(env), parent::MethodInstance, source) = $(Expr(:new, :PartialOpaque, :typ, :env, :parent, :source))
    InterConditional(slot::Int, @nospecialize(thentype), @nospecialize(elsetype)) = $(Expr(:new, :InterConditional, :slot, :thentype, :elsetype))
    MethodMatch(@nospecialize(spec_types), sparams::SimpleVector, method::Method, fully_covers::Bool) = $(Expr(:new, :MethodMatch, :spec_types, :sparams, :method, :fully_covers))
end)

Module(name::Symbol=:anonymous, std_imports::Bool=true, default_names::Bool=true) = ccall(:jl_f_new_module, Ref{Module}, (Any, Bool, Bool), name, std_imports, default_names)

function _Task(@nospecialize(f), reserved_stack::Int, completion_future)
    return ccall(:jl_new_task, Ref{Task}, (Any, Any, Int), f, completion_future, reserved_stack)
end

# simple convert for use by constructors of types in Core
# note that there is no actual conversion defined here,
# so the methods and ccall's in Core aren't permitted to use convert
convert(::Type{Any}, @nospecialize(x)) = x
convert(::Type{T}, x::T) where {T} = x
cconvert(::Type{T}, x) where {T} = convert(T, x)
unsafe_convert(::Type{T}, x::T) where {T} = x

_is_internal(__module__) = __module__ === Core
# can be used in place of `@assume_effects :foldable` (supposed to be used for bootstrapping)
macro _foldable_meta()
    return _is_internal(__module__) && Expr(:meta, Expr(:purity,
        #=:consistent=#true,
        #=:effect_free=#true,
        #=:nothrow=#false,
        #=:terminates_globally=#true,
        #=:terminates_locally=#false,
        #=:notaskstate=#false,
        #=:inaccessiblememonly=#false))
end

const NTuple{N,T} = Tuple{Vararg{T,N}}

## primitive Array constructors
struct UndefInitializer end
const undef = UndefInitializer()
# type and dimensionality specified, accepting dims as series of Ints
Array{T,1}(::UndefInitializer, m::Int) where {T} =
    ccall(:jl_alloc_array_1d, Array{T,1}, (Any, Int), Array{T,1}, m)
Array{T,2}(::UndefInitializer, m::Int, n::Int) where {T} =
    ccall(:jl_alloc_array_2d, Array{T,2}, (Any, Int, Int), Array{T,2}, m, n)
Array{T,3}(::UndefInitializer, m::Int, n::Int, o::Int) where {T} =
    ccall(:jl_alloc_array_3d, Array{T,3}, (Any, Int, Int, Int), Array{T,3}, m, n, o)
Array{T,N}(::UndefInitializer, d::Vararg{Int,N}) where {T,N} =
    ccall(:jl_new_array, Array{T,N}, (Any, Any), Array{T,N}, d)
# type and dimensionality specified, accepting dims as tuples of Ints
Array{T,1}(::UndefInitializer, d::NTuple{1,Int}) where {T} = Array{T,1}(undef, getfield(d,1))
Array{T,2}(::UndefInitializer, d::NTuple{2,Int}) where {T} = Array{T,2}(undef, getfield(d,1), getfield(d,2))
Array{T,3}(::UndefInitializer, d::NTuple{3,Int}) where {T} = Array{T,3}(undef, getfield(d,1), getfield(d,2), getfield(d,3))
Array{T,N}(::UndefInitializer, d::NTuple{N,Int}) where {T,N} = ccall(:jl_new_array, Array{T,N}, (Any, Any), Array{T,N}, d)
# type but not dimensionality specified
Array{T}(::UndefInitializer, m::Int) where {T} = Array{T,1}(undef, m)
Array{T}(::UndefInitializer, m::Int, n::Int) where {T} = Array{T,2}(undef, m, n)
Array{T}(::UndefInitializer, m::Int, n::Int, o::Int) where {T} = Array{T,3}(undef, m, n, o)
Array{T}(::UndefInitializer, d::NTuple{N,Int}) where {T,N} = Array{T,N}(undef, d)
# empty vector constructor
Array{T,1}() where {T} = Array{T,1}(undef, 0)

(Array{T,N} where T)(x::AbstractArray{S,N}) where {S,N} = Array{S,N}(x)

Array(A::AbstractArray{T,N})    where {T,N}   = Array{T,N}(A)
Array{T}(A::AbstractArray{S,N}) where {T,N,S} = Array{T,N}(A)

AbstractArray{T}(A::AbstractArray{S,N}) where {T,S,N} = AbstractArray{T,N}(A)

# primitive Symbol constructors

## Helper for proper GC rooting without unsafe_convert
eval(Core, quote
    _Symbol(ptr::Ptr{UInt8}, sz::Int, root::Any) = $(Expr(:foreigncall, QuoteNode(:jl_symbol_n),
        Ref{Symbol}, svec(Ptr{UInt8}, Int), 0, QuoteNode(:ccall), :ptr, :sz, :root))
end)

function Symbol(s::String)
    @_foldable_meta
    return _Symbol(ccall(:jl_string_ptr, Ptr{UInt8}, (Any,), s), sizeof(s), s)
end
function Symbol(a::Array{UInt8,1})
    return _Symbol(ccall(:jl_array_ptr, Ptr{UInt8}, (Any,), a), Intrinsics.arraylen(a), a)
end
Symbol(s::Symbol) = s

# module providing the IR object model
module IR
export CodeInfo, MethodInstance, CodeInstance, GotoNode, GotoIfNot, ReturnNode,
    NewvarNode, SSAValue, Slot, SlotNumber, TypedSlot, Argument,
    PiNode, PhiNode, PhiCNode, UpsilonNode, LineInfoNode,
    Const, PartialStruct, InterConditional, PartialOpaque

import Core: CodeInfo, MethodInstance, CodeInstance, GotoNode, GotoIfNot, ReturnNode,
    NewvarNode, SSAValue, Slot, SlotNumber, TypedSlot, Argument,
    PiNode, PhiNode, PhiCNode, UpsilonNode, LineInfoNode,
    Const, PartialStruct, InterConditional, PartialOpaque

end

# docsystem basics
const unescape = Symbol("hygienic-scope")
macro doc(x...)
    docex = atdoc(__source__, __module__, x...)
    isa(docex, Expr) && docex.head === :escape && return docex
    return Expr(:escape, Expr(unescape, docex, typeof(atdoc).name.module))
end
macro __doc__(x)
    return Expr(:escape, Expr(:block, Expr(:meta, :doc), x))
end
atdoc     = (source, mod, str, expr) -> Expr(:escape, expr)
atdoc!(λ) = global atdoc = λ

# macros for big integer syntax
macro int128_str end
macro uint128_str end
macro big_str end

# macro for command syntax
macro cmd end


# simple stand-alone print definitions for debugging
abstract type IO end
struct CoreSTDOUT <: IO end
struct CoreSTDERR <: IO end
const stdout = CoreSTDOUT()
const stderr = CoreSTDERR()
io_pointer(::CoreSTDOUT) = Intrinsics.pointerref(Intrinsics.cglobal(:jl_uv_stdout, Ptr{Cvoid}), 1, 1)
io_pointer(::CoreSTDERR) = Intrinsics.pointerref(Intrinsics.cglobal(:jl_uv_stderr, Ptr{Cvoid}), 1, 1)

unsafe_write(io::IO, x::Ptr{UInt8}, nb::UInt) =
    (ccall(:jl_uv_puts, Cvoid, (Ptr{Cvoid}, Ptr{UInt8}, UInt), io_pointer(io), x, nb); nb)
unsafe_write(io::IO, x::Ptr{UInt8}, nb::Int) =
    (ccall(:jl_uv_puts, Cvoid, (Ptr{Cvoid}, Ptr{UInt8}, Int), io_pointer(io), x, nb); nb)
write(io::IO, x::UInt8) =
    (ccall(:jl_uv_putb, Cvoid, (Ptr{Cvoid}, UInt8), io_pointer(io), x); 1)
function write(io::IO, x::String)
    nb = sizeof(x)
    unsafe_write(io, ccall(:jl_string_ptr, Ptr{UInt8}, (Any,), x), nb)
    return nb
end

show(io::IO, @nospecialize x) = ccall(:jl_static_show, Cvoid, (Ptr{Cvoid}, Any), io_pointer(io), x)
print(io::IO, x::AbstractChar) = ccall(:jl_uv_putc, Cvoid, (Ptr{Cvoid}, Char), io_pointer(io), x)
print(io::IO, x::String) = (write(io, x); nothing)
print(io::IO, @nospecialize x) = show(io, x)
print(io::IO, @nospecialize(x), @nospecialize a...) = (print(io, x); print(io, a...))
println(io::IO) = (write(io, 0x0a); nothing) # 0x0a = '\n'
println(io::IO, @nospecialize x...) = (print(io, x...); println(io))

show(@nospecialize a) = show(stdout, a)
print(@nospecialize a...) = print(stdout, a...)
println(@nospecialize a...) = println(stdout, a...)

struct GeneratedFunctionStub
    gen
    argnames::Array{Any,1}
    spnames::Union{Nothing, Array{Any,1}}
    line::Int
    file::Symbol
    expand_early::Bool
end

# invoke and wrap the results of @generated
function (g::GeneratedFunctionStub)(@nospecialize args...)
    body = g.gen(args...)
    if body isa CodeInfo
        return body
    end
    lam = Expr(:lambda, g.argnames,
               Expr(Symbol("scope-block"),
                    Expr(:block,
                         LineNumberNode(g.line, g.file),
                         Expr(:meta, :push_loc, g.file, Symbol("@generated body")),
                         Expr(:return, body),
                         Expr(:meta, :pop_loc))))
    spnames = g.spnames
    if spnames === nothing
        return lam
    else
        return Expr(Symbol("with-static-parameters"), lam, spnames...)
    end
end

NamedTuple() = NamedTuple{(),Tuple{}}(())

eval(Core, :(NamedTuple{names}(args::Tuple) where {names} =
             $(Expr(:splatnew, :(NamedTuple{names,typeof(args)}), :args))))

using .Intrinsics: sle_int, add_int

eval(Core, :(NamedTuple{names,T}(args::T) where {names, T <: Tuple} =
             $(Expr(:splatnew, :(NamedTuple{names,T}), :args))))

# constructors for built-in types

import .Intrinsics: eq_int, trunc_int, lshr_int, sub_int, shl_int, bitcast, sext_int, zext_int, and_int

throw_inexacterror(f::Symbol, ::Type{T}, val) where {T} = (@noinline; throw(InexactError(f, T, val)))

function is_top_bit_set(x)
    @inline
    eq_int(trunc_int(UInt8, lshr_int(x, sub_int(shl_int(sizeof(x), 3), 1))), trunc_int(UInt8, 1))
end

function is_top_bit_set(x::Union{Int8,UInt8})
    @inline
    eq_int(lshr_int(x, 7), trunc_int(typeof(x), 1))
end

function check_top_bit(::Type{To}, x) where {To}
    @inline
    is_top_bit_set(x) && throw_inexacterror(:check_top_bit, To, x)
    x
end

function checked_trunc_sint(::Type{To}, x::From) where {To,From}
    @inline
    y = trunc_int(To, x)
    back = sext_int(From, y)
    eq_int(x, back) || throw_inexacterror(:trunc, To, x)
    y
end

function checked_trunc_uint(::Type{To}, x::From) where {To,From}
    @inline
    y = trunc_int(To, x)
    back = zext_int(From, y)
    eq_int(x, back) || throw_inexacterror(:trunc, To, x)
    y
end

toInt8(x::Int8)       = x
toInt8(x::Int16)      = checked_trunc_sint(Int8, x)
toInt8(x::Int32)      = checked_trunc_sint(Int8, x)
toInt8(x::Int64)      = checked_trunc_sint(Int8, x)
toInt8(x::Int128)     = checked_trunc_sint(Int8, x)
toInt8(x::UInt8)      = bitcast(Int8, check_top_bit(Int8, x))
toInt8(x::UInt16)     = checked_trunc_sint(Int8, check_top_bit(Int8, x))
toInt8(x::UInt32)     = checked_trunc_sint(Int8, check_top_bit(Int8, x))
toInt8(x::UInt64)     = checked_trunc_sint(Int8, check_top_bit(Int8, x))
toInt8(x::UInt128)    = checked_trunc_sint(Int8, check_top_bit(Int8, x))
toInt8(x::Bool)       = and_int(bitcast(Int8, x), Int8(1))
toInt16(x::Int8)      = sext_int(Int16, x)
toInt16(x::Int16)     = x
toInt16(x::Int32)     = checked_trunc_sint(Int16, x)
toInt16(x::Int64)     = checked_trunc_sint(Int16, x)
toInt16(x::Int128)    = checked_trunc_sint(Int16, x)
toInt16(x::UInt8)     = zext_int(Int16, x)
toInt16(x::UInt16)    = bitcast(Int16, check_top_bit(Int16, x))
toInt16(x::UInt32)    = checked_trunc_sint(Int16, check_top_bit(Int16, x))
toInt16(x::UInt64)    = checked_trunc_sint(Int16, check_top_bit(Int16, x))
toInt16(x::UInt128)   = checked_trunc_sint(Int16, check_top_bit(Int16, x))
toInt16(x::Bool)      = and_int(zext_int(Int16, x), Int16(1))
toInt32(x::Int8)      = sext_int(Int32, x)
toInt32(x::Int16)     = sext_int(Int32, x)
toInt32(x::Int32)     = x
toInt32(x::Int64)     = checked_trunc_sint(Int32, x)
toInt32(x::Int128)    = checked_trunc_sint(Int32, x)
toInt32(x::UInt8)     = zext_int(Int32, x)
toInt32(x::UInt16)    = zext_int(Int32, x)
toInt32(x::UInt32)    = bitcast(Int32, check_top_bit(Int32, x))
toInt32(x::UInt64)    = checked_trunc_sint(Int32, check_top_bit(Int32, x))
toInt32(x::UInt128)   = checked_trunc_sint(Int32, check_top_bit(Int32, x))
toInt32(x::Bool)      = and_int(zext_int(Int32, x), Int32(1))
toInt64(x::Int8)      = sext_int(Int64, x)
toInt64(x::Int16)     = sext_int(Int64, x)
toInt64(x::Int32)     = sext_int(Int64, x)
toInt64(x::Int64)     = x
toInt64(x::Int128)    = checked_trunc_sint(Int64, x)
toInt64(x::UInt8)     = zext_int(Int64, x)
toInt64(x::UInt16)    = zext_int(Int64, x)
toInt64(x::UInt32)    = zext_int(Int64, x)
toInt64(x::UInt64)    = bitcast(Int64, check_top_bit(Int64, x))
toInt64(x::UInt128)   = checked_trunc_sint(Int64, check_top_bit(Int64, x))
toInt64(x::Bool)      = and_int(zext_int(Int64, x), Int64(1))
toInt128(x::Int8)     = sext_int(Int128, x)
toInt128(x::Int16)    = sext_int(Int128, x)
toInt128(x::Int32)    = sext_int(Int128, x)
toInt128(x::Int64)    = sext_int(Int128, x)
toInt128(x::Int128)   = x
toInt128(x::UInt8)    = zext_int(Int128, x)
toInt128(x::UInt16)   = zext_int(Int128, x)
toInt128(x::UInt32)   = zext_int(Int128, x)
toInt128(x::UInt64)   = zext_int(Int128, x)
toInt128(x::UInt128)  = bitcast(Int128, check_top_bit(Int128, x))
toInt128(x::Bool)     = and_int(zext_int(Int128, x), Int128(1))
toUInt8(x::Int8)      = bitcast(UInt8, check_top_bit(UInt8, x))
toUInt8(x::Int16)     = checked_trunc_uint(UInt8, x)
toUInt8(x::Int32)     = checked_trunc_uint(UInt8, x)
toUInt8(x::Int64)     = checked_trunc_uint(UInt8, x)
toUInt8(x::Int128)    = checked_trunc_uint(UInt8, x)
toUInt8(x::UInt8)     = x
toUInt8(x::UInt16)    = checked_trunc_uint(UInt8, x)
toUInt8(x::UInt32)    = checked_trunc_uint(UInt8, x)
toUInt8(x::UInt64)    = checked_trunc_uint(UInt8, x)
toUInt8(x::UInt128)   = checked_trunc_uint(UInt8, x)
toUInt8(x::Bool)      = and_int(bitcast(UInt8, x), UInt8(1))
toUInt16(x::Int8)     = sext_int(UInt16, check_top_bit(UInt16, x))
toUInt16(x::Int16)    = bitcast(UInt16, check_top_bit(UInt16, x))
toUInt16(x::Int32)    = checked_trunc_uint(UInt16, x)
toUInt16(x::Int64)    = checked_trunc_uint(UInt16, x)
toUInt16(x::Int128)   = checked_trunc_uint(UInt16, x)
toUInt16(x::UInt8)    = zext_int(UInt16, x)
toUInt16(x::UInt16)   = x
toUInt16(x::UInt32)   = checked_trunc_uint(UInt16, x)
toUInt16(x::UInt64)   = checked_trunc_uint(UInt16, x)
toUInt16(x::UInt128)  = checked_trunc_uint(UInt16, x)
toUInt16(x::Bool)     = and_int(zext_int(UInt16, x), UInt16(1))
toUInt32(x::Int8)     = sext_int(UInt32, check_top_bit(UInt32, x))
toUInt32(x::Int16)    = sext_int(UInt32, check_top_bit(UInt32, x))
toUInt32(x::Int32)    = bitcast(UInt32, check_top_bit(UInt32, x))
toUInt32(x::Int64)    = checked_trunc_uint(UInt32, x)
toUInt32(x::Int128)   = checked_trunc_uint(UInt32, x)
toUInt32(x::UInt8)    = zext_int(UInt32, x)
toUInt32(x::UInt16)   = zext_int(UInt32, x)
toUInt32(x::UInt32)   = x
toUInt32(x::UInt64)   = checked_trunc_uint(UInt32, x)
toUInt32(x::UInt128)  = checked_trunc_uint(UInt32, x)
toUInt32(x::Bool)     = and_int(zext_int(UInt32, x), UInt32(1))
toUInt64(x::Int8)     = sext_int(UInt64, check_top_bit(UInt64, x))
toUInt64(x::Int16)    = sext_int(UInt64, check_top_bit(UInt64, x))
toUInt64(x::Int32)    = sext_int(UInt64, check_top_bit(UInt64, x))
toUInt64(x::Int64)    = bitcast(UInt64, check_top_bit(UInt64, x))
toUInt64(x::Int128)   = checked_trunc_uint(UInt64, x)
toUInt64(x::UInt8)    = zext_int(UInt64, x)
toUInt64(x::UInt16)   = zext_int(UInt64, x)
toUInt64(x::UInt32)   = zext_int(UInt64, x)
toUInt64(x::UInt64)   = x
toUInt64(x::UInt128)  = checked_trunc_uint(UInt64, x)
toUInt64(x::Bool)     = and_int(zext_int(UInt64, x), UInt64(1))
toUInt128(x::Int8)    = sext_int(UInt128, check_top_bit(UInt128, x))
toUInt128(x::Int16)   = sext_int(UInt128, check_top_bit(UInt128, x))
toUInt128(x::Int32)   = sext_int(UInt128, check_top_bit(UInt128, x))
toUInt128(x::Int64)   = sext_int(UInt128, check_top_bit(UInt128, x))
toUInt128(x::Int128)  = bitcast(UInt128, check_top_bit(UInt128, x))
toUInt128(x::UInt8)   = zext_int(UInt128, x)
toUInt128(x::UInt16)  = zext_int(UInt128, x)
toUInt128(x::UInt32)  = zext_int(UInt128, x)
toUInt128(x::UInt64)  = zext_int(UInt128, x)
toUInt128(x::UInt128) = x
toUInt128(x::Bool)    = and_int(zext_int(UInt128, x), UInt128(1))

# TODO: this is here to work around the 4 method limit in inference (#23210).
const BuiltinInts = Union{Int128, Int16, Int32, Int64, Int8, UInt128, UInt16, UInt32, UInt64, UInt8, Bool}
Int8(x::BuiltinInts)    = toInt8(x)::Int8
Int16(x::BuiltinInts)   = toInt16(x)::Int16
Int32(x::BuiltinInts)   = toInt32(x)::Int32
Int64(x::BuiltinInts)   = toInt64(x)::Int64
Int128(x::BuiltinInts)  = toInt128(x)::Int128
UInt8(x::BuiltinInts)   = toUInt8(x)::UInt8
UInt16(x::BuiltinInts)  = toUInt16(x)::UInt16
UInt32(x::BuiltinInts)  = toUInt32(x)::UInt32
UInt64(x::BuiltinInts)  = toUInt64(x)::UInt64
UInt128(x::BuiltinInts) = toUInt128(x)::UInt128

(::Type{T})(x::T) where {T<:Number} = x

Int(x::Ptr)  = bitcast(Int, x)
UInt(x::Ptr) = bitcast(UInt, x)
if Int === Int32
Int64(x::Ptr) = Int64(UInt32(x))
UInt64(x::Ptr) = UInt64(UInt32(x))
end
Ptr{T}(x::Union{Int,UInt,Ptr}) where {T} = bitcast(Ptr{T}, x)
Ptr{T}() where {T} = Ptr{T}(0)

Signed(x::UInt8)    = Int8(x)
Unsigned(x::Int8)   = UInt8(x)
Signed(x::UInt16)   = Int16(x)
Unsigned(x::Int16)  = UInt16(x)
Signed(x::UInt32)   = Int32(x)
Unsigned(x::Int32)  = UInt32(x)
Signed(x::UInt64)   = Int64(x)
Unsigned(x::Int64)  = UInt64(x)
Signed(x::UInt128)  = Int128(x)
Unsigned(x::Int128) = UInt128(x)

Signed(x::Union{Float16, Float32, Float64, Bool})   = Int(x)
Unsigned(x::Union{Float16, Float32, Float64, Bool}) = UInt(x)

Integer(x::Integer) = x
Integer(x::Union{Float16, Float32, Float64}) = Int(x)

GlobalRef(m::Module, s::Symbol) = GlobalRef(m, s, bitcast(Ptr{Nothing}, 0))

# Binding for the julia parser, called as
#
#    Core._parse(text, filename, lineno, offset, options)
#
# Parse Julia code from the buffer `text`, starting at `offset` and attributing
# it to `filename`. `text` may be a `String` or `svec(ptr::Ptr{UInt8},
# len::Int)` for a raw unmanaged buffer. `options` should be one of `:atom`,
# `:statement` or `:all`, indicating how much the parser will consume.
#
# `_parse` must return an `svec` containing an `Expr` and the new offset as an
# `Int`.
#
# The internal jl_parse which will call into Core._parse if not `nothing`.
_parse = nothing

# support for deprecated uses of internal _apply function
_apply(x...) = Core._apply_iterate(Main.Base.iterate, x...)

struct Pair{A, B}
    first::A
    second::B
    # if we didn't inline this, it's probably because the callsite was actually dynamic
    # to avoid potentially compiling many copies of this, we mark the arguments with `@nospecialize`
    # but also mark the whole function with `@inline` to ensure we will inline it whenever possible
    # (even if `convert(::Type{A}, a::A)` for some reason was expensive)
    Pair(a, b) = new{typeof(a), typeof(b)}(a, b)
    function Pair{A, B}(@nospecialize(a), @nospecialize(b)) where {A, B}
        @inline
        return new(a::A, b::B)
    end
end

ccall(:jl_set_istopmod, Cvoid, (Any, Bool), Core, true)