\name{gaussLegendre}
\alias{gaussLegendre}
\title{
  Gauss-Legendre Quadrature Formula
}
\description{
  Nodes and weights for the n-point Gauss-Legendre quadrature formula.
}
\usage{
gaussLegendre(n, a, b)
}
\arguments{
  \item{n}{Number of nodes in the interval \code{[a,b]}.}
  \item{a, b}{lower and upper limit of the integral; must be finite.}
}
\details{
  \code{x} and \code{w} are obtained from a tridiagonal eigenvalue problem.
}
\value{
  List with components \code{x}, the nodes or points in\code{[a,b]}, and
  \code{w}, the weights applied at these nodes.
}
\references{
  Gautschi, W. (2004). Orthogonal Polynomials: Computation and Approximation.
  Oxford University Press.

  Trefethen, L. N. (2000). Spectral Methods in Matlab. SIAM, Society for
  Industrial and Applied Mathematics.
}
\note{
  Gauss quadrature is not suitable for functions with singularities.
}
\seealso{
\code{\link{gaussHermite}}, \code{\link{gaussLaguerre}}
}
\examples{
##  Quadrature with Gauss-Legendre nodes and weights
f <- function(x) sin(x+cos(10*exp(x))/3)
#\dontrun{ezplot(f, -1, 1, fill = TRUE)}
cc <- gaussLegendre(51, -1, 1)
Q <- sum(cc$w * f(cc$x))  #=> 0.0325036515865218 , true error: < 1e-15

# If f is not vectorized, do an explicit summation:
Q <- 0; x <- cc$x; w <- cc$w
for (i in 1:51) Q <- Q + w[i] * f(x[i])

# If f is infinite at b = 1, set  b <- b - eps  (with, e.g., eps = 1e-15)

# Use Gauss-Kronrod approach for error estimation
cc <- gaussLegendre(103, -1, 1)
abs(Q - sum(cc$w * f(cc$x)))     # rel.error < 1e-10

# Use Gauss-Hermite for vector-valued functions
f <- function(x) c(sin(pi*x), exp(x), log(1+x))
cc <- gaussLegendre(32, 0, 1)
drop(cc$w \%*\% matrix(f(cc$x), ncol = 3))  # c(2/pi, exp(1) - 1, 2*log(2) - 1)
# absolute error < 1e-15
}
\keyword{ math }