This pull request makes E3SM compatible with FATES API 17.0.0
which enables the use of the FATES satellite phenology mode (aka "sp mode").

While FATES SP mode is operating, the state variables of TLAI, TSAI, HTOP and WTCOL are
manipulated (from the surface dataset files) in the native HLM PFT based index space.
In this PR, we set up mapping from the FATES IFP space into the HLM P space in elmfates_interfaceMod.F90.
Note that the TLAI, TSAI, and HTOP history outputs are updated with a logic check on
use_fates_sp to substitute the HLM variable output with the relevant
fates sp mode version of these variables, which are identified with the suffix _hist_patch.

This PR also introduces FATES no competition mode (use_fates_nocomp),
which along with fixed biogeography mode (use_fates_fixed_biogeog),
are necessary dependencies for fates sp mode.
Fixed biogeography has been enabled in the namelist definition (previously it was set as a stub).

The SatellitePhenology procedure has been slightly refactored to represent that it accepts different
filters depending on whether or not it is being called for FATES sp mode
or ELM sp mode as the FATES sp mode implementation needs to have
access to both the active and inactive soil filter.

[nonBFB] FATES cases