There is a race condition between a memcg being torn down and a swapin
triggered from a different memcg of a page that was recorded to belong
to the exiting memcg on swapout (with CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP extension).  The
result is unreclaimable pages pointing to dead memcgs, which can lead to
anything from endless loops in later memcg teardown (the page is charged
to all hierarchical parents but is not on any LRU list) or crashes from
following the dangling memcg pointer.

Memcgs with tasks in them can not be torn down and usually charges don't
show up in memcgs without tasks.  Swapin with the CONFIG_MEMCG_SWAP
extension is the notable exception because it charges the cgroup that
was recorded as owner during swapout, which may be empty and in the
process of being torn down when a task in another memcg triggers the
swapin:

  teardown:                 swapin:

                            lookup_swap_cgroup_id()
                            rcu_read_lock()
                            mem_cgroup_lookup()
                            css_tryget()
                            rcu_read_unlock()
  disable css_tryget()
  call_rcu()
    offline_css()
      reparent_charges()
                            res_counter_charge() (hierarchical!)
                            css_put()
                              css_free()
                            pc->mem_cgroup = dead memcg
                            add page to dead lru

Add a final reparenting step into css_free() to make sure any such raced
charges are moved out of the memcg before it's finally freed.

In the longer term it would be cleaner to have the css_tryget() and the
res_counter charge under the same RCU lock section so that the charge
reparenting is deferred until the last charge whose tryget succeeded is
visible.  But this will require more invasive changes that will be
harder to evaluate and backport into stable, so better defer them to a
separate change set.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Weiner <hannes@cmpxchg.org>
Acked-by: Michal Hocko <mhocko@suse.cz>
Cc: David Rientjes <rientjes@google.com>
Cc: <stable@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>