Revision acbbe6fbb240a927ee1f5994f04d31267d422215 authored by Rasmus Villemoes on 09 September 2014, 21:51:01 UTC, committed by Linus Torvalds on 10 September 2014, 22:42:12 UTC
The C operator <= defines a perfectly fine total ordering on the set of
values representable in a long.  However, unlike its namesake in the
integers, it is not translation invariant, meaning that we do not have
"b <= c" iff "a+b <= a+c" for all a,b,c.

This means that it is always wrong to try to boil down the relationship
between two longs to a question about the sign of their difference,
because the resulting relation [a LEQ b iff a-b <= 0] is neither
anti-symmetric or transitive.  The former is due to -LONG_MIN==LONG_MIN
(take any two a,b with a-b = LONG_MIN; then a LEQ b and b LEQ a, but a !=
b).  The latter can either be seen observing that x LEQ x+1 for all x,
implying x LEQ x+1 LEQ x+2 ...  LEQ x-1 LEQ x; or more directly with the
simple example a=LONG_MIN, b=0, c=1, for which a-b < 0, b-c < 0, but a-c >
0.

Note that it makes absolutely no difference that a transmogrying bijection
has been applied before the comparison is done.  In fact, had the
obfuscation not been done, one could probably not observe the bug
(assuming all values being compared always lie in one half of the address
space, the mathematical value of a-b is always representable in a long).
As it stands, one can easily obtain three file descriptors exhibiting the
non-transitivity of kcmp().

Side note 1: I can't see that ensuring the MSB of the multiplier is
set serves any purpose other than obfuscating the obfuscating code.

Side note 2:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <sys/syscall.h>

enum kcmp_type {
        KCMP_FILE,
        KCMP_VM,
        KCMP_FILES,
        KCMP_FS,
        KCMP_SIGHAND,
        KCMP_IO,
        KCMP_SYSVSEM,
        KCMP_TYPES,
};
pid_t pid;

int kcmp(pid_t pid1, pid_t pid2, int type,
	 unsigned long idx1, unsigned long idx2)
{
	return syscall(SYS_kcmp, pid1, pid2, type, idx1, idx2);
}
int cmp_fd(int fd1, int fd2)
{
	int c = kcmp(pid, pid, KCMP_FILE, fd1, fd2);
	if (c < 0) {
		perror("kcmp");
		exit(1);
	}
	assert(0 <= c && c < 3);
	return c;
}
int cmp_fdp(const void *a, const void *b)
{
	static const int normalize[] = {0, -1, 1};
	return normalize[cmp_fd(*(int*)a, *(int*)b)];
}
#define MAX 100 /* This is plenty; I've seen it trigger for MAX==3 */
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	int r, s, count = 0;
	int REL[3] = {0,0,0};
	int fd[MAX];
	pid = getpid();
	while (count < MAX) {
		r = open("/dev/null", O_RDONLY);
		if (r < 0)
			break;
		fd[count++] = r;
	}
	printf("opened %d file descriptors\n", count);
	for (r = 0; r < count; ++r) {
		for (s = r+1; s < count; ++s) {
			REL[cmp_fd(fd[r], fd[s])]++;
		}
	}
	printf("== %d\t< %d\t> %d\n", REL[0], REL[1], REL[2]);
	qsort(fd, count, sizeof(fd[0]), cmp_fdp);
	memset(REL, 0, sizeof(REL));

	for (r = 0; r < count; ++r) {
		for (s = r+1; s < count; ++s) {
			REL[cmp_fd(fd[r], fd[s])]++;
		}
	}
	printf("== %d\t< %d\t> %d\n", REL[0], REL[1], REL[2]);
	return (REL[0] + REL[2] != 0);
}

Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk>
Reviewed-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@openvz.org>
"Eric W. Biederman" <ebiederm@xmission.com>
Cc: <stable@vger.kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org>
Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
1 parent 8542bdf
Raw File
ts_bm.c
/*
 * lib/ts_bm.c		Boyer-Moore text search implementation
 *
 *		This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 *		modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License
 *		as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version
 *		2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 * Authors:	Pablo Neira Ayuso <pablo@eurodev.net>
 *
 * ==========================================================================
 * 
 *   Implements Boyer-Moore string matching algorithm:
 *
 *   [1] A Fast String Searching Algorithm, R.S. Boyer and Moore.
 *       Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery, 
 *       20(10), 1977, pp. 762-772.
 *       http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/moore/publications/fstrpos.pdf
 *
 *   [2] Handbook of Exact String Matching Algorithms, Thierry Lecroq, 2004
 *       http://www-igm.univ-mlv.fr/~lecroq/string/string.pdf
 *
 *   Note: Since Boyer-Moore (BM) performs searches for matchings from right 
 *   to left, it's still possible that a matching could be spread over 
 *   multiple blocks, in that case this algorithm won't find any coincidence.
 *   
 *   If you're willing to ensure that such thing won't ever happen, use the
 *   Knuth-Pratt-Morris (KMP) implementation instead. In conclusion, choose 
 *   the proper string search algorithm depending on your setting. 
 *
 *   Say you're using the textsearch infrastructure for filtering, NIDS or 
 *   any similar security focused purpose, then go KMP. Otherwise, if you 
 *   really care about performance, say you're classifying packets to apply
 *   Quality of Service (QoS) policies, and you don't mind about possible
 *   matchings spread over multiple fragments, then go BM.
 */

#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/string.h>
#include <linux/ctype.h>
#include <linux/textsearch.h>

/* Alphabet size, use ASCII */
#define ASIZE 256

#if 0
#define DEBUGP printk
#else
#define DEBUGP(args, format...)
#endif

struct ts_bm
{
	u8 *		pattern;
	unsigned int	patlen;
	unsigned int 	bad_shift[ASIZE];
	unsigned int	good_shift[0];
};

static unsigned int bm_find(struct ts_config *conf, struct ts_state *state)
{
	struct ts_bm *bm = ts_config_priv(conf);
	unsigned int i, text_len, consumed = state->offset;
	const u8 *text;
	int shift = bm->patlen - 1, bs;
	const u8 icase = conf->flags & TS_IGNORECASE;

	for (;;) {
		text_len = conf->get_next_block(consumed, &text, conf, state);

		if (unlikely(text_len == 0))
			break;

		while (shift < text_len) {
			DEBUGP("Searching in position %d (%c)\n", 
				shift, text[shift]);
			for (i = 0; i < bm->patlen; i++) 
				if ((icase ? toupper(text[shift-i])
				    : text[shift-i])
					!= bm->pattern[bm->patlen-1-i])
				     goto next;

			/* London calling... */
			DEBUGP("found!\n");
			return consumed += (shift-(bm->patlen-1));

next:			bs = bm->bad_shift[text[shift-i]];

			/* Now jumping to... */
			shift = max_t(int, shift-i+bs, shift+bm->good_shift[i]);
		}
		consumed += text_len;
	}

	return UINT_MAX;
}

static int subpattern(u8 *pattern, int i, int j, int g)
{
	int x = i+g-1, y = j+g-1, ret = 0;

	while(pattern[x--] == pattern[y--]) {
		if (y < 0) {
			ret = 1;
			break;
		}
		if (--g == 0) {
			ret = pattern[i-1] != pattern[j-1];
			break;
		}
	}

	return ret;
}

static void compute_prefix_tbl(struct ts_bm *bm, int flags)
{
	int i, j, g;

	for (i = 0; i < ASIZE; i++)
		bm->bad_shift[i] = bm->patlen;
	for (i = 0; i < bm->patlen - 1; i++) {
		bm->bad_shift[bm->pattern[i]] = bm->patlen - 1 - i;
		if (flags & TS_IGNORECASE)
			bm->bad_shift[tolower(bm->pattern[i])]
			    = bm->patlen - 1 - i;
	}

	/* Compute the good shift array, used to match reocurrences 
	 * of a subpattern */
	bm->good_shift[0] = 1;
	for (i = 1; i < bm->patlen; i++)
		bm->good_shift[i] = bm->patlen;
        for (i = bm->patlen-1, g = 1; i > 0; g++, i--) {
		for (j = i-1; j >= 1-g ; j--)
			if (subpattern(bm->pattern, i, j, g)) {
				bm->good_shift[g] = bm->patlen-j-g;
				break;
			}
	}
}

static struct ts_config *bm_init(const void *pattern, unsigned int len,
				 gfp_t gfp_mask, int flags)
{
	struct ts_config *conf;
	struct ts_bm *bm;
	int i;
	unsigned int prefix_tbl_len = len * sizeof(unsigned int);
	size_t priv_size = sizeof(*bm) + len + prefix_tbl_len;

	conf = alloc_ts_config(priv_size, gfp_mask);
	if (IS_ERR(conf))
		return conf;

	conf->flags = flags;
	bm = ts_config_priv(conf);
	bm->patlen = len;
	bm->pattern = (u8 *) bm->good_shift + prefix_tbl_len;
	if (flags & TS_IGNORECASE)
		for (i = 0; i < len; i++)
			bm->pattern[i] = toupper(((u8 *)pattern)[i]);
	else
		memcpy(bm->pattern, pattern, len);
	compute_prefix_tbl(bm, flags);

	return conf;
}

static void *bm_get_pattern(struct ts_config *conf)
{
	struct ts_bm *bm = ts_config_priv(conf);
	return bm->pattern;
}

static unsigned int bm_get_pattern_len(struct ts_config *conf)
{
	struct ts_bm *bm = ts_config_priv(conf);
	return bm->patlen;
}

static struct ts_ops bm_ops = {
	.name		  = "bm",
	.find		  = bm_find,
	.init		  = bm_init,
	.get_pattern	  = bm_get_pattern,
	.get_pattern_len  = bm_get_pattern_len,
	.owner		  = THIS_MODULE,
	.list		  = LIST_HEAD_INIT(bm_ops.list)
};

static int __init init_bm(void)
{
	return textsearch_register(&bm_ops);
}

static void __exit exit_bm(void)
{
	textsearch_unregister(&bm_ops);
}

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");

module_init(init_bm);
module_exit(exit_bm);
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