Revision ccfa49b8f4e68af585082fa3d748424fd39c8d6e authored by Jesper Nielsen on 29 November 2021, 10:12:39 UTC, committed by GitHub on 29 November 2021, 10:12:39 UTC
Fix broken CircleCi build.
1 parent d088c2c
changepoints.py
# Copyright 2017-2020 The GPflow Contributors. All Rights Reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
from collections.abc import Iterable
from typing import List, Optional, Union
import tensorflow as tf
from ..base import Parameter
from ..utilities import positive
from .base import Combination, Kernel
class ChangePoints(Combination):
r"""
The ChangePoints kernel defines a fixed number of change-points along a 1d
input space where different kernels govern different parts of the space.
The kernel is by multiplication and addition of the base kernels with
sigmoid functions (σ). A single change-point kernel is defined as:
K₁(x, x') * (1 - σ(x)) * (1 - σ(x')) + K₂(x, x') * σ(x) * σ(x')
where K₁ is deactivated around the change-point and K₂ is activated. The
single change-point version can be found in \citet{lloyd2014}. Each sigmoid
is a logistic function defined as:
σ(x) = 1 / (1 + exp{-s(x - x₀)})
parameterized by location "x₀" and steepness "s".
@incollection{lloyd2014,
author = {Lloyd, James Robert et al},
title = {Automatic Construction and Natural-language Description of Nonparametric Regression Models},
booktitle = {Proceedings of the Twenty-Eighth AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
year = {2014},
url = {http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2893873.2894066},
}
"""
def __init__(
self,
kernels: List[Kernel],
locations: List[float],
steepness: Union[float, List[float]] = 1.0,
name: Optional[str] = None,
):
"""
:param kernels: list of kernels defining the different regimes
:param locations: list of change-point locations in the 1d input space
:param steepness: the steepness parameter(s) of the sigmoids, this can be
common between them or decoupled
"""
if len(kernels) != len(locations) + 1:
raise ValueError(
"Number of kernels ({nk}) must be one more than the number of "
"changepoint locations ({nl})".format(nk=len(kernels), nl=len(locations))
)
if isinstance(steepness, Iterable) and len(steepness) != len(locations):
raise ValueError(
"Dimension of steepness ({ns}) does not match number of changepoint "
"locations ({nl})".format(ns=len(steepness), nl=len(locations))
)
super().__init__(kernels, name=name)
self.locations = Parameter(locations)
self.steepness = Parameter(steepness, transform=positive())
def _set_kernels(self, kernels: List[Kernel]):
# it is not clear how to flatten out nested change-points
self.kernels = kernels
def K(self, X: tf.Tensor, X2: Optional[tf.Tensor] = None) -> tf.Tensor:
sig_X = self._sigmoids(X) # N1 x 1 x Ncp
sig_X2 = self._sigmoids(X2) if X2 is not None else sig_X # N2 x 1 x Ncp
# `starters` are the sigmoids going from 0 -> 1, whilst `stoppers` go
# from 1 -> 0, dimensions are N1 x N2 x Ncp
starters = sig_X * tf.transpose(sig_X2, perm=(1, 0, 2))
stoppers = (1 - sig_X) * tf.transpose((1 - sig_X2), perm=(1, 0, 2))
# prepend `starters` with ones and append ones to `stoppers` since the
# first kernel has no start and the last kernel has no end
N1 = tf.shape(X)[0]
N2 = tf.shape(X2)[0] if X2 is not None else N1
ones = tf.ones((N1, N2, 1), dtype=X.dtype)
starters = tf.concat([ones, starters], axis=2)
stoppers = tf.concat([stoppers, ones], axis=2)
# now combine with the underlying kernels
kernel_stack = tf.stack([k(X, X2) for k in self.kernels], axis=2)
return tf.reduce_sum(kernel_stack * starters * stoppers, axis=2)
def K_diag(self, X: tf.Tensor) -> tf.Tensor:
N = tf.shape(X)[0]
sig_X = tf.reshape(self._sigmoids(X), (N, -1)) # N x Ncp
ones = tf.ones((N, 1), dtype=X.dtype)
starters = tf.concat([ones, sig_X * sig_X], axis=1) # N x Ncp
stoppers = tf.concat([(1 - sig_X) * (1 - sig_X), ones], axis=1)
kernel_stack = tf.stack([k(X, full_cov=False) for k in self.kernels], axis=1)
return tf.reduce_sum(kernel_stack * starters * stoppers, axis=1)
def _sigmoids(self, X: tf.Tensor) -> tf.Tensor:
locations = tf.sort(self.locations) # ensure locations are ordered
locations = tf.reshape(locations, (1, 1, -1))
steepness = tf.reshape(self.steepness, (1, 1, -1))
return tf.sigmoid(steepness * (X[:, :, None] - locations))
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