# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
## Battery Electric Vehicle Charging
#
# In this example a battery electric vehicle (BEV) is driven 100 km in the morning and 100 km in the evening, to simulate commuting, and charged during the day by a solar panel at the driver's place of work. The size of the panel is computed by the optimisation.
#
# The BEV has a battery of size 100 kWh and an electricity consumption of 0.18 kWh/km.

import pandas as pd

import pypsa

# %matplotlib inline

# NB: this example will use units of kW and kWh, unlike the PyPSA defaults

# use 24 hour period for consideration
index = pd.date_range("2016-01-01 00:00", "2016-01-01 23:00", freq="H")

# consumption pattern of BEV
bev_usage = pd.Series([0.0] * 7 + [9.0] * 2 + [0.0] * 8 + [9.0] * 2 + [0.0] * 5, index)

# solar PV panel generation per unit of capacity
pv_pu = pd.Series(
    [0.0] * 7
    + [0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.75, 0.85, 0.9, 0.85, 0.75, 0.6, 0.4, 0.2, 0.1]
    + [0.0] * 5,
    index,
)

# availability of charging - i.e. only when parked at office
charger_p_max_pu = pd.Series(0.0, index=index)
charger_p_max_pu["2016-01-01 09:00":"2016-01-01 16:00"] = 1.0

bev_usage.plot()
pv_pu.plot()
charger_p_max_pu.plot()


network = pypsa.Network()

network.set_snapshots(index)

network.add("Bus", "place of work", carrier="AC")

network.add("Bus", "battery", carrier="Li-ion")

network.add(
    "Generator",
    "PV panel",
    bus="place of work",
    p_nom_extendable=True,
    p_max_pu=pv_pu,
    capital_cost=1000.0,
)

network.add("Load", "driving", bus="battery", p_set=bev_usage)

network.add(
    "Link",
    "charger",
    bus0="place of work",
    bus1="battery",
    p_nom=120,  # super-charger with 120 kW
    p_max_pu=charger_p_max_pu,
    efficiency=0.9,
)


network.add("Store", "battery storage", bus="battery", e_cyclic=True, e_nom=100.0)

network.lopf(network.snapshots)
print("Objective:", network.objective)

print("Pannel size [kW]:", network.generators.p_nom_opt["PV panel"])

network.generators_t.p.plot()

pd.DataFrame(
    {attr: network.stores_t[attr]["battery storage"] for attr in ["p", "e"]}
).plot(grid=True)

print(
    "Losses [kWh/d]:",
    network.generators_t.p.loc[:, "PV panel"].sum()
    - network.loads_t.p.loc[:, "driving"].sum(),
)

network.links_t.p0.plot()