swh:1:snp:cf20732a2a91717cec7759cd75c5d1a72600b018
Tip revision: 1b89ec86b6a914c4d45bee998d08eed1ef23f57f authored by Dominique Makowski on 20 July 2020, 08:30:03 UTC
version 0.7.2
version 0.7.2
Tip revision: 1b89ec8
estimate_density.R
#' Density Estimation
#'
#' This function is a wrapper over different methods of density estimation. By default, it uses the base R \code{density} with by default uses a different smoothing bandwidth (\code{"SJ"}) from the legacy default implemented the base R \code{density} function (\code{"nrd0"}). However, Deng \& Wickham suggest that \code{method = "KernSmooth"} is the fastest and the most accurate.
#'
#' @inheritParams hdi
#' @inheritParams stats::density
#' @param bw See the eponymous argument in \code{density}. Here, the default has been changed for \code{"SJ"}, which is recommended.
#' @param method Density estimation method. Can be \code{"kernel"} (default), \code{"logspline"} or \code{"KernSmooth"}.
#' @param precision Number of points of density data. See the \code{n} parameter in \code{density}.
#' @param extend Extend the range of the x axis by a factor of \code{extend_scale}.
#' @param extend_scale Ratio of range by which to extend the x axis. A value of \code{0.1} means that the x axis will be extended by \code{1/10} of the range of the data.
#' @param group_by Optional character vector. If not \code{NULL} and \code{x} is a data frame, density estimation is performed for each group (subset) indicated by \code{group_by}.
#'
#' @note There is also a \href{https://easystats.github.io/see/articles/bayestestR.html}{\code{plot()}-method} implemented in the \href{https://easystats.github.io/see/}{\pkg{see}-package}.
#'
#' @examples
#' library(bayestestR)
#'
#' set.seed(1)
#' x <- rnorm(250, 1)
#'
#' # Methods
#' density_kernel <- estimate_density(x, method = "kernel")
#' density_logspline <- estimate_density(x, method = "logspline")
#' density_KernSmooth <- estimate_density(x, method = "KernSmooth")
#' density_mixture <- estimate_density(x, method = "mixture")
#'
#' hist(x, prob = TRUE)
#' lines(density_kernel$x, density_kernel$y, col = "black", lwd = 2)
#' lines(density_logspline$x, density_logspline$y, col = "red", lwd = 2)
#' lines(density_KernSmooth$x, density_KernSmooth$y, col = "blue", lwd = 2)
#' lines(density_mixture$x, density_mixture$y, col = "green", lwd = 2)
#'
#' # Extension
#' density_extended <- estimate_density(x, extend = TRUE)
#' density_default <- estimate_density(x, extend = FALSE)
#'
#' hist(x, prob = TRUE)
#' lines(density_extended$x, density_extended$y, col = "red", lwd = 3)
#' lines(density_default$x, density_default$y, col = "black", lwd = 3)
#'
#' df <- data.frame(replicate(4, rnorm(100)))
#' head(estimate_density(df))
#' \dontrun{
#' # rstanarm models
#' # -----------------------------------------------
#' library(rstanarm)
#' model <- stan_glm(mpg ~ wt + gear, data = mtcars, chains = 2, iter = 200, refresh = 0)
#' head(estimate_density(model))
#'
#' library(emmeans)
#' head(estimate_density(emtrends(model, ~1, "wt")))
#'
#' # brms models
#' # -----------------------------------------------
#' library(brms)
#' model <- brms::brm(mpg ~ wt + cyl, data = mtcars)
#' estimate_density(model)
#' }
#'
#' @references Deng, H., & Wickham, H. (2011). Density estimation in R. Electronic publication.
#'
#' @importFrom stats density
#' @importFrom utils install.packages
#' @export
estimate_density <- function(x, method = "kernel", precision = 2^10, extend = FALSE, extend_scale = 0.1, bw = "SJ", ...) {
UseMethod("estimate_density")
}
#' @importFrom stats predict
#' @keywords internal
.estimate_density <- function(x, method = "kernel", precision = 2^10, extend = FALSE, extend_scale = 0.1, bw = "SJ", ...) {
method <- match.arg(tolower(method), c("kernel", "logspline", "kernsmooth", "smooth", "mixture", "mclust"))
# Remove NA
x <- x[!is.na(x)]
# Range
x_range <- range(x)
if (extend) {
extension_scale <- diff(x_range) * extend_scale
x_range[1] <- x_range[1] - extension_scale
x_range[2] <- x_range[2] + extension_scale
}
# Replace inf values if needed
x_range[is.infinite(x_range)] <- 5.565423e+156
# Kernel
if (method == "kernel") {
return(as.data.frame(density(x, n = precision, bw = bw, from = x_range[1], to = x_range[2], ...)))
# Logspline
} else if (method == "logspline") {
if (!requireNamespace("logspline")) {
if (interactive()) {
readline("Package \"logspline\" needed for this function. Press ENTER to install or ESCAPE to abort.")
install.packages("logspline")
} else {
stop("Package \"logspline\" needed for this function. Press run 'install.packages(\"logspline\")'.")
}
}
x_axis <- seq(x_range[1], x_range[2], length.out = precision)
y <- logspline::dlogspline(x_axis, logspline::logspline(x, ...), ...)
return(data.frame(x = x_axis, y = y))
# KernSmooth
} else if (method %in% c("kernsmooth", "smooth")) {
if (!requireNamespace("KernSmooth")) {
if (interactive()) {
readline("Package \"KernSmooth\" needed for this function. Press ENTER to install or ESCAPE to abort.")
install.packages("KernSmooth")
} else {
stop("Package \"KernSmooth\" needed for this function. Press run 'install.packages(\"KernSmooth\")'.")
}
}
return(as.data.frame(KernSmooth::bkde(x, range.x = x_range, gridsize = precision, truncate = TRUE, ...)))
# Mixturre
} else if (method %in% c("mixture", "mclust")) {
if (!requireNamespace("mclust")) {
if (interactive()) {
readline("Package \"mclust\" needed for this function. Press ENTER to install or ESCAPE to abort.")
install.packages("KernSmooth")
} else {
stop("Package \"mclust\" needed for this function. Press run 'install.packages(\"mclust\")'.")
}
}
x_axis <- seq(x_range[1], x_range[2], length.out = precision)
y <- predict(mclust::densityMclust(x, verbose = FALSE), newdata = x_axis)
return(data.frame(x = x_axis, y = y))
} else {
stop("method should be one of 'kernel', 'logspline', 'KernSmooth' or 'mixture'.")
}
}
#' @export
estimate_density.numeric <- function(x, method = "kernel", precision = 2^10, extend = FALSE, extend_scale = 0.1, bw = "SJ", ...) {
out <- .estimate_density(x, method = method, precision = precision, extend = extend, extend_scale = extend_scale, bw = bw, ...)
class(out) <- .set_density_class(out)
out
}
#' @rdname estimate_density
#' @export
estimate_density.data.frame <- function(x, method = "kernel", precision = 2^10, extend = FALSE, extend_scale = 0.1, bw = "SJ", group_by = NULL, ...) {
if (is.null(group_by)) {
out <- .estimate_density_df(x = x, method = method, precision = precision, extend = extend, extend_scale = extend_scale, bw = bw, ...)
} else {
xlist <- split(x, x[group_by])
out <- lapply(names(xlist), function(group) {
dens <- .estimate_density_df(x = xlist[[group]], method = method, precision = precision, extend = extend, extend_scale = extend_scale, bw = bw, ...)
dens$Group <- group
dens
})
out <- do.call(rbind, out)
}
class(out) <- .set_density_df_class(out)
out
}
.estimate_density_df <- function(x, method = "kernel", precision = 2^10, extend = FALSE, extend_scale = 0.1, bw = "SJ", ...) {
x <- .select_nums(x)
out <- sapply(x, estimate_density, method = method, precision = precision, extend = extend, extend_scale = extend_scale, bw = bw, simplify = FALSE)
for (i in names(out)) {
out[[i]]$Parameter <- i
}
out <- do.call(rbind, out)
row.names(out) <- NULL
out[, c("Parameter", "x", "y")]
}
#' @export
estimate_density.grouped_df <- function(x, method = "kernel", precision = 2^10, extend = FALSE, extend_scale = 0.1, bw = "SJ", ...) {
groups <- .group_vars(x)
ungrouped_x <- as.data.frame(x)
xlist <- split(ungrouped_x, ungrouped_x[groups])
out <- lapply(names(xlist), function(group) {
dens <- estimate_density(xlist[[group]], method = method, precision = precision, extend = extend, extend_scale = extend_scale, bw = bw)
dens$Group <- group
dens
})
do.call(rbind, out)
}
#' @export
estimate_density.emmGrid <- function(x, method = "kernel", precision = 2^10, extend = FALSE, extend_scale = 0.1, bw = "SJ", ...) {
if (!requireNamespace("emmeans")) {
stop("Package 'emmeans' required for this function to work. Please install it by running `install.packages('emmeans')`.")
}
x <- as.data.frame(as.matrix(emmeans::as.mcmc.emmGrid(x, names = FALSE)))
out <- estimate_density(x,
method = method, precision = precision,
extend = extend, extend_scale = extend_scale,
bw = bw, ...
)
class(out) <- .set_density_class(out)
out
}
#' @importFrom insight get_parameters
#' @export
estimate_density.stanreg <- function(x, method = "kernel", precision = 2^10, extend = FALSE, extend_scale = 0.1, bw = "SJ", effects = c("fixed", "random", "all"), parameters = NULL, ...) {
effects <- match.arg(effects)
out <- estimate_density(insight::get_parameters(x, effects = effects, parameters = parameters), method = method, precision = precision, extend = extend, extend_scale = extend_scale, bw = bw, ...)
attr(out, "object_name") <- .safe_deparse(substitute(x))
class(out) <- .set_density_class(out)
out
}
#' @export
estimate_density.stanfit <- estimate_density.stanreg
#' @importFrom insight get_parameters
#' @export
estimate_density.brmsfit <- function(x, method = "kernel", precision = 2^10, extend = FALSE, extend_scale = 0.1, bw = "SJ", effects = c("fixed", "random", "all"), component = c("conditional", "zi", "zero_inflated", "all"), parameters = NULL, ...) {
effects <- match.arg(effects)
component <- match.arg(component)
out <- estimate_density(insight::get_parameters(x, effects = effects, component = component, parameters = parameters), method = method, precision = precision, extend = extend, extend_scale = extend_scale, bw = bw, ...)
attr(out, "object_name") <- .safe_deparse(substitute(x))
class(out) <- .set_density_class(out)
out
}
#' @export
estimate_density.MCMCglmm <- function(x, method = "kernel", precision = 2^10, extend = FALSE, extend_scale = 0.1, bw = "SJ", parameters = NULL, ...) {
nF <- x$Fixed$nfl
out <- estimate_density(as.data.frame(x$Sol[, 1:nF, drop = FALSE]), method = method, precision = precision, extend = extend, extend_scale = extend_scale, bw = bw, ...)
attr(out, "object_name") <- .safe_deparse(substitute(x))
class(out) <- .set_density_class(out)
out
}
#' @importFrom insight get_parameters
#' @export
estimate_density.mcmc <- function(x, method = "kernel", precision = 2^10, extend = FALSE, extend_scale = 0.1, bw = "SJ", parameters = NULL, ...) {
out <- estimate_density(insight::get_parameters(x, parameters = parameters), method = method, precision = precision, extend = extend, extend_scale = extend_scale, bw = bw, ...)
attr(out, "object_name") <- .safe_deparse(substitute(x))
class(out) <- .set_density_class(out)
out
}
#' @export
estimate_density.bayesQR <- estimate_density.mcmc
#' @export
estimate_density.bcplm <- estimate_density.mcmc
#' Coerce to a Data Frame
#'
#' @inheritParams base::as.data.frame
#' @method as.data.frame density
#' @export
as.data.frame.density <- function(x, ...) {
data.frame(x = x$x, y = x$y)
}
#' Density Probability at a Given Value
#'
#' Compute the density value at a given point of a distribution (i.e., the value of the \code{y} axis of a value \code{x} of a distribution).
#'
#' @param posterior Vector representing a posterior distribution.
#' @param x The value of which to get the approximate probability.
#' @inheritParams estimate_density
#'
#' @examples
#' library(bayestestR)
#' posterior <- distribution_normal(n = 10)
#' density_at(posterior, 0)
#' density_at(posterior, c(0, 1))
#' @importFrom stats approx density
#' @export
density_at <- function(posterior, x, precision = 2^10, method = "kernel", ...) {
density <- estimate_density(posterior, precision = precision, method = method, ...)
stats::approx(density$x, density$y, xout = x)$y
}
# helper ----------------------------------------------------------
.set_density_df_class <- function(out) {
setdiff(unique(c("estimate_density_df", "see_estimate_density_df", class(out))), c("estimate_density", "see_estimate_density"))
}
.set_density_class <- function(out) {
setdiff(unique(c("estimate_density", "see_estimate_density", class(out))), c("estimate_density_df", "see_estimate_density_df"))
}