swh:1:snp:ed2d467953071803b0382cac92a7b1b452fbb8ef
Tip revision: 851214e7fac6fb15020e33fcf2b88b2e88382956 authored by Syd Bauman on 05 July 2013, 23:14:00 UTC
Re-tagging the 2.4.0 release of P5.
Re-tagging the 2.4.0 release of P5.
Tip revision: 851214e
aphrodisias2.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<TEI xml:lang="en" xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title>Aphrodisias</title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<p>Unpublished</p>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<p>taken from wikipedia</p>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<encodingDesc>
<classDecl>
<taxonomy xml:id="periods">
<category xml:id="hellenistic">
<catDesc>
<ref target="http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Hellenistic"
>Hellenistic</ref>. Commonly treated as <date
notBefore="-0323" notAfter="-0031"/>.
</catDesc>
</category>
<category xml:id="roman">
<catDesc>
<ref target="http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Roman_Empire"
>Roman</ref>
</catDesc>
</category>
<category xml:id="christian">
<catDesc> The Christian period technically starts at the
birth of Jesus, but in
practice is considered to date from the conversion of Constantine
in <date when="0312">312 AD</date>. </catDesc>
</category>
</taxonomy>
</classDecl>
</encodingDesc>
<revisionDesc>
<change when="2007-03-26">drafted from ODD and other samples</change>
</revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>
<text>
<body>
<listPlace>
<place xml:id="Aphrodisias">
<p><placeName xml:lang="grc-Latn">Aphrodisias</placeName> (<placeName
xml:lang="grc">Ἀφροδισιάς</placeName>) was a town in
<country n="Caria"
ref="http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Caria">Caria</country>,
<bloc n="Asia Minor"
ref="http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Asia_Minor" >Asia
Minor</bloc>. It is located near the modern village of
<settlement>Geyre</settlement>, <country n="Turkey"
ref="http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Turkey">Turkey</country>,
about 230 km <settlement
ref="http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/%C4%B0zmir"
>İzmir</settlement>.</p>
<p>Aphrodisias was named after <name n="Aphrodite"
ref="http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Aphrodite">Aphrodite</name>,
the Greek goddess of Love. According to the <ref n="Suda"
target="http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Suda">Suda</ref>,
before being known as Aphrodisias, the city had three
previous names: <placeName>Lelegon Polis</placeName>
(Λελέγων πόλις 'city of the Leleges'), <placeName>Megale
Polis</placeName> (Μεγάλη πόλις 'great city'), and
<placeName>Ninoë</placeName> (Νινόη). The city was later
renamed <placeName period="#christian"
>Stauropolis</placeName> (Σταυρούπολις 'city of the
cross') in the Christian era.</p>
<p>The city was built near a marble quarry which was
extensively exploited in the <date
period="#hellenistic">Hellenistic</date> and <date
period="#roman">Roman</date> periods, and sculptors in
marble from Aphrodisias became famous in the Roman
world. Many examples of statuary have been unearthed in
Aphrodisias, and some also survive from other parts of the
Roman world.</p>
<p>The site is in an earthquake zone and has suffered a
great deal of damage at various times, especially in the
<date from="0400" to="0499">4th</date> and <date
from="0700" to="0799">7th</date> centuries. An added
complication was that one of the 4th century earthquakes
altered the water table, making parts of the town prone to
flooding.</p>
<p>Evidence can be seen of emergency plumbing installed to
combat this problem. Aphrodisias never fully recovered
from the 7th century earthquake, and fell into
disrepair. Part of the town was covered by the modern
village of Geyre; some of the cottages were removed in the
20th century to reveal the older city. A new Geyre has
been built a short distance away.</p>
<place>
<p>The Temple of Aphrodite was and still is a focal
point of the town, but the character of the building was
altered when it became a Christian <ref n="Basilica"
target="http://www.wikipedia.com/wiki/Basilica"
>basilica</ref>. The Aphrodisian sculptors became
renowned and the school of sculpture was very
productive; much of their work can be seen around the
site and in the museum. Many full-length statues were
discovered in the region of the <term>agora</term>, and
trial and unfinished pieces pointing to a true school
are in evidence. <term>Sarcophagi</term> were recovered
in various locations, most frequently decorated with
designs consisting of garland and columns. Pilasters
have been, found showing what are described as "peopled
scrolls" with figures of people, birds and animals
entwined in acanthus leaves. The sculptors benefitted
from a plentiful supply of marble close at hand.</p>
</place>
<place>
<p>The Bouleuterion (Council House) is centered on the
north side of the North Agora. As it stands today, it
consists of a semicircular auditorium fronted by a
shallow stage structure about 46 m wide. The lower part
of the auditorium survives intact, with nine rows of
marble seats divided into five wedges by radial
stairways. The seating of the upper part, amounting to
an additional twelve rows, has collapsed together with
its supporting vaults. The plan is an extremely open
one, with numerous entrances at ground level and several
stairways giving access to the upper rows of seats. A
system of massive parallel buttresses shows that the
building was originally roofed. The auditorium would
have been lighted by a series of tall, arched windows in
the curved outer wall. Seating capacity can be estimated
at about 1750.</p>
<p>The available evidence indicates a construction date
in the Antonine or early Severan period (late second or
early third century A.D.). The scaenae frons (stage
front) was certainly put up at this time, as the style
of both sculpture and architectural ornament
suggest. Statue bases terminating the retaining walls of
the auditorium bore the names of two brothers, senators
in the early Severan period, and two inscribed bases
placed symmetrically against the exterior facade held
statues of Aphrodisian benefactors, Claudia Antonia
Tatiana and her uncle Lucius Antonius Dometinus, who
were active at the end of the second century (Sculptures
of the Bouleuterion). Tatiana is known to have had
close ties with Ephesos and it is possible that the
striking similarities between this building and the
Bouleuterion on the Civic Agora there, dated by
inscription to the mid-second century, are due to some
initiative on her part. We do not know what stood here
before the second century A.D., but it is likely that
the present building replaced a smaller one contemporary
with the laying out of the Agora in the late first
century B.C.</p>
<p>The Bouleuterion at Aphrodisias remained in this form
until the early fifth century, when a municipal official
had it adapted as a palaestra, recording his achievement
on the upper molding of the pulpitum (stage). This term
usually refers to a wrestling ground, but in the fifth
century it could be used to describe a hall for
lectures, performances, and various kinds of competitive
displays, as suggested by a number of factional
inscriptions carved on the seats. Numerous additional
cuttings in the surviving seats, probably for poles
supporting awnings, suggest that by this time the
building had lost its roof. The orchestra was lowered
and provided with a marble pavement, reused, perhaps,
from the earlier phase.</p>
</place>
</place>
</listPlace>
</body>
</text>
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