\name{rstable1}
\title{Random Numbers from (Skew) Stable Distributions}
\alias{rstable1}
\alias{rstable}
\description{
Generate random numbers of the stable distribution
\deqn{S(\alpha, \beta, \gamma, \delta; k)} with characteristic
exponent \eqn{\alpha\in(0,2]}{alpha in (0,2]},
skewness \eqn{\beta\in[-1,1]}{beta in [-1,1]},
scale \eqn{\gamma\in[0,\infty)}{gamma in [0,Inf)}, and
location \eqn{\delta\in\mathbf{R}}{delta in IR}, see Nolan (2010) for
the parameterization \eqn{k\in\{0,1\}}{k in {0,1}}. The case
\eqn{\gamma=0}{gamma = 0} is understood as the unit jumpat
\eqn{\delta}{delta}.
}
\usage{
rstable1(n, alpha, beta, gamma = 1, delta = 0, pm = 1)
}
\arguments{
\item{n}{an \code{\link{integer}}, the number of observations to generate.}
\item{alpha}{characteristic exponent \eqn{\alpha\in(0,2]}{alpha in (0,2]}.}
\item{beta}{skewness \eqn{\beta\in[-1,1]}{beta in [-1,1]}.}
\item{gamma}{scale \eqn{\gamma\in[0,\infty)}{gamma in [0,Inf)}.}
\item{delta}{location \eqn{\delta\in\mathbf{R}}{delta in IR}.}
\item{pm}{0 or 1, denoting which parametrization (as by Nolan) is used.}
}
\value{
A \code{\link{numeric}} vector of length \code{n} containing the
generated random variates.
}
\details{
We use the approach of John Nolan for generating random variates of
stable distributions. The function \code{rstable1} provides two basic
parametrizations, by default,
\code{pm = 1}, the so called \dQuote{S}, \dQuote{S1}, or \dQuote{1}
parameterization. This is the parameterization used by Samorodnitsky and
Taqqu (1994), and is a slight modification of Zolotarev's (A)
parameterization. It is the form with the most simple form of the
characteristic function, see Nolan (2010, p. 8).
\code{pm = 0} is the \dQuote{S0} parameterization: based on the (M)
representation of Zolotarev for an alpha stable distribution with
skewness beta. Unlike the Zolotarev (M) parameterization, gamma and
delta are straightforward scale and shift parameters. This
representation is continuous in all 4 parameters.
}
\author{
Diethelm Wuertz wrote \code{\link[fBasics]{rstable}} for Rmetrics;
Martin Maechler vectorized it (also in \code{alpha},\dots), fixed it
for \eqn{\alpha=1,\beta\ne 0}{alpha = 1, beta != 0} and sped it up.
}
\seealso{\code{\link[fBasics]{rstable}} which also allows the
2-parametrization and provides further functionality for
stable distributions.
}
\references{
Chambers J.M., Mallows, C.L. and Stuck, B.W. (1976),
\emph{A Method for Simulating Stable Random Variables},
J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. \bold{71}, 340--344.
Nolan, J.P. (2010),
\emph{Stable Distributions---Models for Heavy Tailed Data},
Birkhaeuser.
Samoridnitsky G., Taqqu M. S. (1994),
\emph{Stable Non-Gaussian Random Processes, Stochastic Models
with Infinite Variance},
Chapman and Hall, New York.
% Nolan, J.P. (1999),
% \emph{Stable Distributions},
% Preprint, University Washington DC, 30 pages.
% Nolan, J.P. (1999),
% \emph{Numerical Calculation of Stable Densities and Distribution
% Functions},
% Preprint, University Washington DC, 16 pages.
% Weron, A., Weron R. (1999),
% \emph{Computer Simulation of Levy alpha-Stable Variables and
% Processes},
% Preprint Technical Univeristy of Wroclaw, 13 pages.
}
\examples{
# Generate and plot a series of stable random variates
set.seed(1953)
r <- rstable1(n = 1000, alpha = 1.9, beta = 0.3)
plot(r, type = "l", main = "stable: alpha=1.9 beta=0.3",
col = "steelblue"); grid()
hist(r, "Scott", prob = TRUE, ylim = c(0,0.3),
main = "Stable S(1.9, 0.3; 1)")
lines(density(r), col="red2", lwd = 2)
}
\keyword{distribution}