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--></script></head><body><div id="container"><div id="banner"><img src="Images/banner.jpg" alt="Text Encoding Initiative logo and banner" /></div></div><div class="mainhead"><h1>P5:
Guidelines for Electronic Text Encoding and Interchange</h1><p>Version 3.1.1a. Last updated on
10th May 2017, revision bd8dda3</p></div><div id="onecol" class="main-content"><h2><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G </span>Prefatory Notes</h2><div class="teidiv1" id="PREFS"><div class="miniTOC miniTOC_left"><p><span class="subtochead">Table of contents</span></p><div class="subtoc"><ul class="subtoc"><li class="subtoc"><a class="subtoc" href="PREFS.html#p4pf02" title="Prefatory Note (March 2002)">Appendix G.1 Prefatory Note (March 2002)</a></li><li class="subtoc"><a class="subtoc" href="PREFS.html#p4pf01" title="Introductory Note (November 2001)">Appendix G.2 Introductory Note (November 2001)</a></li><li class="subtoc"><a class="subtoc" href="PREFS.html#PPF2" title="Introductory Note (June 2001)">Appendix G.3 Introductory Note (June 2001)</a></li><li class="subtoc"><a class="subtoc" href="PREFS.html#ppf" title="Introductory Note (May 1999)">Appendix G.4 Introductory Note (May 1999)</a></li><li class="subtoc"><a class="subtoc" href="PREFS.html#PF" title="Preface (April 1994)">Appendix G.5 Preface (April 1994)</a></li><li class="subtoc"><a class="subtoc" href="PREFS.html#WG" title="Acknowledgments">Appendix G.6 Acknowledgments</a></li></ul></div><ul class="subtoc"><li class="subtoc"><span class="previousLink"> « </span><a class="navigation" href="BIB.html"><span class="headingNumber">Appendix F </span>Bibliography</a></li><li class="subtoc"><span class="nextLink"> » </span><a class="navigation" href="COL.html"><span class="headingNumber">Appendix H </span>Colophon</a></li><li class="subtoc"><a class="navigation" href="index.html">Home</a></li></ul></div><p>This Appendix contains (in reverse chronological order) the ‘Introductory Notes’ prefixed to each revision of the TEI Guidelines since its first publication in 1994.</p><div class="teidiv1" id="p4pf02"><div class="miniTOC miniTOC_right"><ul class="subtoc"><li class="subtoc"></li><li class="subtoc"><span class="nextLink"> » </span><a class="navigation" href="PREFS.html#p4pf01"><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.2 </span>Introductory Note (November 2001)</a></li><li class="subtoc"><a class="navigation" href="index.html">Home</a></li></ul></div><h3><span class="bookmarklink"><a class="bookmarklink" href="#p4pf02" title="link to this section "><span class="invisible">TEI: Prefatory Note (March 2002)</span><span class="pilcrow">¶</span></a></span><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.1 </span><span class="head">Prefatory Note (March 2002)</span></h3><p>The primary goal of this revision has been to make available a new and corrected version of the TEI Guidelines which: </p><ul class="bulleted"><li class="item">is expressed in XML and conforms to a TEI-conformant XML DTD;</li><li class="item">generates a set of DTD fragments that can be combined together to form either SGML or XML document type definitions;</li><li class="item">corrects blatant errors, typographical mishaps, and other egregious editorial oversights;</li><li class="item">can be processed and maintained using readily available XML tools instead of the special-purpose ad hoc software originally used for TEI P3.</li></ul><p>A second major design goal of this revision has been to ensure that the DTD fragments generated would not break existing documents: in other words, that any document conforming to the original TEI P3 SGML DTD would also conform to the new XML version of it. Although full backwards compatibility cannot be guaranteed, we believe our implementation is consistent with that goal. </p><p>In most respects, the TEI Guidelines have stood the test of time remarkably well. The present edition makes no substantial attempt to rewrite those few parts of them which have now been rendered obsolete by changes since their first publication, though an indication is given in the text of where such rewriting is now considered necessary. Neither does the present version attempt to address any of the many possible new areas of digital activity in which the TEI approach to standardization may have something to offer. Both these tasks require the existence of an informed and active TEI Council to direct and validate such extension and maintenance work, in response to the changing needs and priorities of the TEI user community. </p><p>Two exceptions to the above principles may be cited: firstly, the chapter which originally provided a ‘Gentle Introduction’ to SGML has been completely rewritten to provide a similarly gentle introduction to XML; secondly the chapter on character sets has been completely revised in light of the close connexion between Unicode and XML. The editors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the <span class="foreign">ad hoc</span> workgroup chaired by Christian Wittern, which undertook to provide expert advice and correction at very short notice, in the latter task.</p><p>The preparation of this new version relied extensively on preliminary work carried out by the former North American editor of the TEI Guidelines, C.M. Sperberg-McQueen. In a TEI working paper written in 1999<span id="Note164_return"><a class="notelink" title="TEI ED W69, available from the TEI web site at ." href="#Note164"><sup>1</sup></a></span> he sketched out a precise blueprint for the conversion of the TEI from SGML to XML, which we have implemented, with only slight modification.</p><p>The Editors would also like to express thanks to the team of volunteers from the TEI community who helped us with the task of proofreading the first draft during the summer of 2001; and to Sebastian Rahtz of Oxford University Computing Services, without whose skill and enthusiasm this new edition would not have been possible. </p><p>A substantial proportion of the work of preparing this new edition was funded with the assistance of a grant from the US National Endowment for the Humanities, whose continued support of the TEI has also been crucial to the effort of setting up the TEI Consortium. </p><p>Finally, we would like to thank all our colleagues on the interim management board of the TEI Consortium, in particular its Chairman John Unsworth, for their continued support of the TEI's work, and their willingness to devote effort to the difficult task of overseeing its transition to a new organizational infrastructure.</p><p>Summary details of the changes made in the present and previous editions are given in their Prefatory Notes, all of which are now reproduced in an Appendix to the present edition: see <a class="link_ptr" href="PREFS.html" title="Prefatory Notes"><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G </span>Prefatory Notes</a>.</p><div class="signed">Lou Burnard and Syd Bauman (TEI Editors)<br /> Oxford and Providence, March 2002.</div></div><div class="teidiv1" id="p4pf01"><div class="miniTOC miniTOC_right"><ul class="subtoc"><li class="subtoc"><span class="previousLink"> « </span><a class="navigation" href="PREFS.html#p4pf02"><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.1 </span>Prefatory Note (March 2002)</a></li><li class="subtoc"><span class="nextLink"> » </span><a class="navigation" href="PREFS.html#PPF2"><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.3 </span>Introductory Note (June 2001)</a></li><li class="subtoc"><a class="navigation" href="index.html">Home</a></li></ul></div><h3><span class="bookmarklink"><a class="bookmarklink" href="#p4pf01" title="link to this section "><span class="invisible">TEI: Introductory Note (November 2001)</span><span class="pilcrow">¶</span></a></span><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.2 </span><span class="head">Introductory Note (November 2001)</span></h3><p>To complete the work started in June of this year, the TEI Editors asked for volunteers from the TEI community to proofread the preliminary XML version. 24 volunteers responded to this call during August, and gave invaluable help both by identifying a number of previously un-noticed errors, and by suggesting areas in which more substantial revision should be undertaken in the future. The Editors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the following individuals during this exercise: </p><p class="display">Jimmy Adair, Syd Bauman, Michael Beddow, Steven Bird, Lisa Charlong, Matthew Driscoll, Patrick Durusau, Tomaz Erjavec, Nick Finke, Tim Finney, Julia Flanders, Mike Fraser, Pankaj Kamthan, François Lachance, Terry Langendoen, Anne Mahoney, Gregory Murphy, Daniel Pitti, Rafal Prinke, Laurent Romary, Stewart Russell, Gary Simons, Elisabeth Solopova, Christian Wittern, Martin Wynne. </p><p>In addition to error correction, and clear delineation of those sections in which substantial revision is yet to be undertaken for TEI P5, the present draft differs from earlier ones in the following respects: </p><ul class="bulleted"><li class="item">Formal Public Identifiers have been introduced as a means of constructing TEI DTDs and an SGML Open Catalog is now included with the standard release; </li><li class="item">Some systematic errors and omissions in the reference section have been removed; the format of this section has been substantially changed, we hope for the better;</li><li class="item">The chapters on obtaining the TEI DTDs and WSDs have been brought up to date; the chapter on modification has been expanded to include a discussion of the TEI Lite customization;</li><li class="item">All examples and cited markup has been checked for XML validity against the published DTDs, and corrected where faulty; examples have been formatted in a (more or less) consistent style.</li></ul><div class="signed">Lou Burnard and Syd Bauman (Editors)<br /> Oxford and Providence, November 2001.</div></div><div class="teidiv1" id="PPF2"><div class="miniTOC miniTOC_right"><ul class="subtoc"><li class="subtoc"><span class="previousLink"> « </span><a class="navigation" href="PREFS.html#p4pf01"><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.2 </span>Introductory Note (November 2001)</a></li><li class="subtoc"><span class="nextLink"> » </span><a class="navigation" href="PREFS.html#ppf"><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.4 </span>Introductory Note (May 1999)</a></li><li class="subtoc"><a class="navigation" href="index.html">Home</a></li></ul></div><h3><span class="bookmarklink"><a class="bookmarklink" href="#PPF2" title="link to this section "><span class="invisible">TEI: Introductory Note (June 2001)</span><span class="pilcrow">¶</span></a></span><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.3 </span><span class="head">Introductory Note (June 2001)</span></h3><p>This is a preliminary version of a revised and fully XML-compliant edition of the TEI Guidelines. Although work on revising and correcting the text of the document is incomplete, by making available this preliminary version we hope to facilitate testing of the XML document type declarations which it describes by as wide a range of TEI users as possible. </p><p>The primary goal of this revision is to make available the corrected (May 1999) edition of the Guidelines in a new version which: </p><ul class="bulleted"><li class="item">is expressed in XML and itself conforms to a TEI-conformant XML DTD;</li><li class="item">generates a set of XML DTD fragments that can be combined together in the same way as the existing TEI (P3) SGML DTD fragments to form true TEI XML DTD fragments without loss of functionality;</li><li class="item">can be processed and maintained using readily available XML tools instead of the special-purpose ad hoc software originally used for TEI P3.</li></ul><p> As noted elsewhere, a number of errors were corrected in the May 1999 edition. A (much) smaller number of errors have also been corrected in this edition, but no new material has been added. We expect the expansion and modification of the Guidelines to become a real possibility in the context of the newly formed TEI Consortium, which has funded the preparation of this present edition.</p><p>A major design goal of both this and the previous revision has been to ensure that the DTD fragments generated would not break existing documents: in other words, that any document conforming to the original TEI P3 SGML DTD would also conform to the new XML version of it. Although full backwards compatibility cannot be guaranteed, we believe our implementation is consistent with that goal. </p><p>In making this new version, we relied extensively on preliminary work carried out by the outgoing North American editor of the TEI Guidelines, Michael Sperberg-McQueen. In a TEI working paper written in 1999, TEI ED W69, Michael sketched out a precise blueprint for the conversion of the TEI from SGML to XML, which we have implemented, with only slight modification. The current TEI editors wish to express here our admiration for the detailed care put into that paper, without which our task would have been forbiddingly difficult, if not impossible. We would also like to express our thanks to Sebastian Rahtz of Oxford University Computing Services, for his invaluable assistance in preparing this new edition.</p><p>We list here in summary form all the changes made in the present edition. Full technical details are provided in documents TEI EDW69 and TEI EDW70, available from the TEI web site. </p><ol class="numbered"><li class="item">A new keyword <span class="ident-pe">TEI.XML</span> has been added. By setting its value to <span class="val">INCLUDE</span>, rather than the default <span class="val">IGNORE</span>, the user can request generation of an XML rather than an SGML DTD;</li><li class="item">The content models of all elements have been checked, and, where necessary, changed so that they are equally valid as SGML or as XML; </li><li class="item">The declared value for all attributes has been changed to a form which is equally valid as SGML or as XML;</li><li class="item">All the examples have been checked for conformance and converted to use XML syntax, where possible. (This process is currently incomplete.)</li><li class="item">Some errors and duplications in the class membership of elements from the names and dates tagsets have been corrected. </li></ol><p>To implement the first of these, we have parameterized the <span class="term">tag omissibility</span> indicators <span class="q">‘- o’</span> and <span class="q">‘- -’</span> used within element declarations in the DTD. When XML is to be generated, the parameter entities concerned are redeclared with the null string as their value.</p><p>The second change was achieved by removing SGML-specific features (ampersand connectors, inclusion and exclusion exceptions, various types of attribute content) from the DTD and revising the syntax of the DTD to conform to XML requirements (specifically in the representation of mixed-content models, and by removing redundant parentheses). In making these changes, we took care to ensure that the resulting content model would continue to accept existing valid documents, though in the nature of things it could not be guaranteed to reject the same set of documents. As further discussed in EDW69 and EDW70, some constraints (exclusion exceptions, for example) which could be carried out by a generic SGML parser using TEI P3 will have to be implemented by a special purpose TEI validator using TEI P4. </p><p>Much work remains to be done, firstly in testing the new DTD fragments against as wide a range of TEI materials as possible, secondly in revising the discussion of markup theory and practice within the text to reflect current thinking. A few sections of the current text (the Gentle Introduction to SGML and the discussion of Extended Pointer syntax are two examples) will need substantial rewriting. For the most part, however, we think the Guidelines have stood the test of time well and can be recommended to a new generation of text encoders scarcely born at the time they were first formulated. </p><p>Lou Burnard and Steve De Rose (Editors)</p><p>Oxford and Providence, May 2001.</p></div><div class="teidiv1" id="ppf"><div class="miniTOC miniTOC_right"><ul class="subtoc"><li class="subtoc"><span class="previousLink"> « </span><a class="navigation" href="PREFS.html#PPF2"><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.3 </span>Introductory Note (June 2001)</a></li><li class="subtoc"><span class="nextLink"> » </span><a class="navigation" href="PREFS.html#PF"><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.5 </span>Preface (April 1994)</a></li><li class="subtoc"><a class="navigation" href="index.html">Home</a></li></ul></div><h3><span class="bookmarklink"><a class="bookmarklink" href="#ppf" title="link to this section "><span class="invisible">TEI: Introductory Note (May 1999)</span><span class="pilcrow">¶</span></a></span><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.4 </span><span class="head">Introductory Note (May 1999)</span></h3><p>No work of the size and complexity of the TEI <span class="titlem">Guidelines</span> could reasonably be expected to be error-free on publication, nor to remain long uncorrected. It has however taken rather longer than might have been anticipated to complete production of the present corrected reprint of the first edition, for which we present our apologies, both to the many individuals and institutions whose enthusiastic adoption and promotion of the TEI encoding scheme have ensured its continued survival in the rapidly changing world of digital scholarship, and also to the many helpfully critical users whose assiduous uncovering and reporting of our errors have made possible the present revision.</p><p>At its first meeting in Bergen, in June 1996, the TEI Technical Review Committee (TRC) approved the setting up of a small working committee to oversee the production of a revised edition of the TEI <span class="titlem">Guidelines</span>, to include corrections of as many as possible of the `corrigible errors' notified to the editors since publication of the first edition in May 1994, the bulk of which are summarized in a TEI working paper (TEI EDW67, available from the TEI web site).</p><p>During the spring of 1997, this TRC Core Subcommittee reviewed nearly 200 comments and proposals which the editors had collected from public debate and discussion over the preceding two years, and provided invaluable technical guidance in disposition of them. We are glad to take this opportunity of expressing our thanks to this subcommittee, whose members were Elli Mylonas, Dominic Dunlop, and David T. Barnard. </p><p>The work of making the corrections and regenerating the text proceeded rather fitfully during 1998 and 1999, largely because of increasing demands on the editors' time from their other responsibilities. With the establishment of the new TEI Consortium, it is be hoped that maintenance of the Guidelines will be placed on a more secure footing. Some specific areas in which we anticipate future revisions being carried out are listed below. </p><div class="teidiv2" id="ppf-tcm"><div class="miniTOC miniTOC_right"><ul class="subtoc"><li class="subtoc"></li><li class="subtoc"><span class="nextLink"> » </span><a class="navigation" href="PREFS.html#ppf-spc"><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.4.2 </span>Specific Changes in the DTD</a></li><li class="subtoc"><a class="navigation" href="index.html">Home</a></li></ul></div><h4><span class="bookmarklink"><a class="bookmarklink" href="#ppf-tcm" title="link to this section "><span class="invisible">TEI: Typographic Corrections Made</span><span class="pilcrow">¶</span></a></span><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.4.1 </span><span class="head">Typographic Corrections Made</span></h4><ul class="bulleted"><li class="item">examples of TEI markup throughout the text were all checked against the relevant DTD fragment and an embarassingly large number of tagging errors corrected;</li><li class="item">various minor typographic and spelling errors were corrected;</li><li class="item">the ‘corrigible errors’ listed in working paper TEI EDW67 were all corrected: some of these required specific changes to the DTD which are listed in the next section.</li></ul></div><div class="teidiv2" id="ppf-spc"><div class="miniTOC miniTOC_right"><ul class="subtoc"><li class="subtoc"><span class="previousLink"> « </span><a class="navigation" href="PREFS.html#ppf-tcm"><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.4.1 </span>Typographic Corrections Made</a></li><li class="subtoc"><span class="nextLink"> » </span><a class="navigation" href="PREFS.html#ppf-err"><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.4.3 </span>Outstanding Errors</a></li><li class="subtoc"><a class="navigation" href="index.html">Home</a></li></ul></div><h4><span class="bookmarklink"><a class="bookmarklink" href="#ppf-spc" title="link to this section "><span class="invisible">TEI: Specific Changes in the DTD</span><span class="pilcrow">¶</span></a></span><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.4.2 </span><span class="head">Specific Changes in the DTD</span></h4><p>A major goal of this revision was to avoid changes which might invalidate existing data, even where existing constructs seemed erroneous in retrospect. To that end, wherever changes have been made in content models for existing elements, they have as far as possible been made so that the DTD will now accept a superset of what was previously legal. Only one new element (<a class="gi" title="(anonymous block) contains any arbitrary component-level unit of text, acting as an anonymous container for phrase or inter level elements analogous to, but without the semantic baggage of, a paragraph." href="ref-ab.html">ab</a>) has been added.</p><p>Where possible, a few content models have been changed in such a way as to facilitate conversion to XML, but XML compatibility is <em>not</em> a goal of this revision.</p><p>Brief details of all changes made in the DTD follow: </p><ul class="bulleted"><li class="item">Several changes were made in class membership, in order to correct unreachability problems. Specifically: <ul class="bulleted"><li class="item">elements <a class="gi" title="(geographical name) identifies a name associated with some geographical feature such as Windrush Valley or Mount Sinai." href="ref-geogName.html">geogName</a>, <a class="gi" title="(personal name) contains a proper noun or proper-noun phrase referring to a person, possibly including one or more of the person's forenames, surnames, honorifics, added names, etc." href="ref-persName.html">persName</a>, <a class="gi" title="contains an absolute or relative place name." href="ref-placeName.html">placeName</a> were added to the <span class="ident">m.data</span> class;</li><li class="item"><a class="gi" title="(geographical name) identifies a name associated with some geographical feature such as Windrush Valley or Mount Sinai." href="ref-geogName.html">geogName</a> and <a class="gi" title="contains an absolute or relative place name." href="ref-placeName.html">placeName</a> were removed from the <span class="ident">m.placepart</span> class;</li><li class="item">the elements <a class="gi" title="(added span of text) marks the beginning of a longer sequence of text added by an author, scribe, annotator or corrector (see also <add>)." href="ref-addSpan.html">addSpan</a>, <a class="gi" title="(deleted span of text) marks the beginning of a longer sequence of text deleted, marked as deleted, or otherwise signaled as superfluous or spurious by an author, scribe, annotator, or corrector." href="ref-delSpan.html">delSpan</a>, <a class="gi" title="indicates a point where material has been omitted in a transcription, whether for editorial reasons described in the TEI header, as part of sampling practice, or because the material is illegible, invisible, or inaudible." href="ref-gap.html">gap</a>, were added to the <span class="ident">m.Edit</span> class;</li><li class="item">a new class <span class="ident">m.editIncl</span> was defined, with members <a class="gi" title="(added span of text) marks the beginning of a longer sequence of text added by an author, scribe, annotator or corrector (see also <add>)." href="ref-addSpan.html">addSpan</a>, <a class="gi" title="(deleted span of text) marks the beginning of a longer sequence of text deleted, marked as deleted, or otherwise signaled as superfluous or spurious by an author, scribe, annotator, or corrector." href="ref-delSpan.html">delSpan</a>, and <a class="gi" title="indicates a point where material has been omitted in a transcription, whether for editorial reasons described in the TEI header, as part of sampling practice, or because the material is illegible, invisible, or inaudible." href="ref-gap.html">gap</a>; this class was then added to the global inclusion class <span class="ident">m.globIncl</span> along with <a class="gi" title="(anchor point) attaches an identifier to a point within a text, whether or not it corresponds with a textual element." href="ref-anchor.html">anchor</a> (erroneously a member of the <span class="ident">m.Seg</span> class, from which it is now removed), <span class="ident">m.metadata</span> and <span class="ident">m.refsys</span>;</li></ul></li><li class="item">added <a class="gi" title="(name, proper noun) contains a proper noun or noun phrase." href="ref-name.html">name</a> element to <span class="ident">m.addrPart</span> class;</li><li class="item">added <a class="gi" title="contains a brief description of the place, date, time, etc. of production of a letter, newspaper story, or other work, prefixed or suffixed to it as a kind of heading or trailer." href="ref-dateline.html">dateline</a> to <span class="ident">m.divtop</span> and <span class="ident">m.divbot</span> classes;</li><li class="item">added <a class="gi" title="contains the epilogue to a drama, typically spoken by an actor out of character, possibly in association with a particular performance or venue." href="ref-epilogue.html">epilogue</a> and <a class="gi" title="(cast list) contains a single cast list or dramatis personae." href="ref-castList.html">castList</a> to <span class="ident">m.dramafront</span> class;</li><li class="item">added <a class="gi" title="(automatically generated text division) indicates the location at which a textual division generated automatically by a text-processing application is to appear." href="ref-divGen.html">divGen</a> to <span class="ident">m.front</span> class;</li><li class="item">added <a class="gi" title="contains a brief description of the place, date, time, etc. of production of a letter, newspaper story, or other work, prefixed or suffixed to it as a kind of heading or trailer." href="ref-dateline.html">dateline</a> to <span class="ident">m.divtop</span> and <span class="ident">m.divtop</span> classes;</li><li class="item">added <a class="gi" title="(utterance) contains a stretch of speech usually preceded and followed by silence or by a change of speaker." href="ref-u.html">u</a> element to <span class="ident">a.declaring</span> class;</li><li class="item">defined new class <span class="ident">m.fmchunk</span> (front matter chunk), comprising <a class="gi" title="contains a formal list or prose description of the topics addressed by a subdivision of a text." href="ref-argument.html">argument</a>, <a class="gi" title="contains the primary statement of responsibility given for a work on its title page or at the head or end of the work." href="ref-byline.html">byline</a>, <a class="gi" title="(document author) contains the name of the author of the document, as given on the title page (often but not always contained in a byline)." href="ref-docAuthor.html">docAuthor</a>, <a class="gi" title="(document date) contains the date of a document, as given on a title page or in a dateline." href="ref-docDate.html">docDate</a>, <a class="gi" title="(document edition) contains an edition statement as presented on a title page of a document." href="ref-docEdition.html">docEdition</a>, <a class="gi" title="(document imprint) contains the imprint statement (place and date of publication, publisher name), as given (usually) at the foot of a title page." href="ref-docImprint.html">docImprint</a>, <a class="gi" title="(document title) contains the title of a document, including all its constituents, as given on a title page." href="ref-docTitle.html">docTitle</a>, <a class="gi" title="contains a quotation, anonymous or attributed, appearing at the start or end of a section or on a title page." href="ref-epigraph.html">epigraph</a>, <a class="gi" title="(heading) contains any type of heading, for example the title of a section, or the heading of a list, glossary, manuscript description, etc." href="ref-head.html">head</a>, and <a class="gi" title="contains a subsection or division of the title of a work, as indicated on a title page." href="ref-titlePart.html">titlePart</a> for use in simplification of the content model for <a class="gi" title="(front matter) contains any prefatory matter (headers, abstracts, title page, prefaces, dedications, etc.) found at the start of a document, before the main body." href="ref-front.html">front</a> element;</li><li class="item">defined new element <a class="gi" title="(anonymous block) contains any arbitrary component-level unit of text, acting as an anonymous container for phrase or inter level elements analogous to, but without the semantic baggage of, a paragraph." href="ref-ab.html">ab</a> (anonymous block), and added it to the <span class="ident">m.chunk</span> class;</li><li class="item">corrected an error whereby global attributes were not properly defined for elements specifying a non-default value for any of the <span class="ident">a.global</span> attributes: elements affected include: <a class="gi" title="identifies a word or phrase as belonging to some language other than that of the surrounding text." href="ref-foreign.html">foreign</a>, <a class="gi" title="(highlighted) marks a word or phrase as graphically distinct from the surrounding text, for reasons concerning which no claim is made." href="ref-hi.html">hi</a>, <a class="gi" title="(deletion) contains a letter, word, or passage deleted, marked as deleted, or otherwise indicated as superfluous or spurious in the copy text by an author, scribe, or a previous annotator or corrector." href="ref-del.html">del</a>, <a class="gi" title="(page break) marks the start of a new page in a paginated document." href="ref-pb.html">pb</a>, <a class="gi" title="(line break) marks the start of a new (typographic) line in some edition or version of a text." href="ref-lb.html">lb</a>, <a class="gi" title="(column break) marks the beginning of a new column of a text on a multi-column page." href="ref-cb.html">cb</a>, <a class="gi" title="characterizes a single language or sublanguage used within a text." href="ref-language.html">language</a>, <a class="gi" title="(anchor point) attaches an identifier to a point within a text, whether or not it corresponds with a textual element." href="ref-anchor.html">anchor</a>, and <a class="gi" title="indicates a point in time either relative to other elements in the same timeline tag, or absolutely." href="ref-when.html">when</a>;</li><li class="item">changed content models to permit empty <a class="gi" title="contains any sequence of items organized as a list." href="ref-list.html">list</a> and empty <a class="gi" title="supplies information about the availability of a text, for example any restrictions on its use or distribution, its copyright status, any licence applying to it, etc." href="ref-availability.html">availability</a> elements;</li><li class="item">changed content model for <a class="gi" title="(series information) contains information about the series in which a book or other bibliographic item has appeared." href="ref-series.html">series</a> element to permit #PCDATA;</li><li class="item">changed content model for <a class="gi" title="describes one particular setting in which a language interaction takes place." href="ref-setting.html">setting</a> element to permit <a class="gi" title="contains a date in any format." href="ref-date.html">date</a> element as a direct child;</li><li class="item">added a <span class="att">key</span> attribute to the <span class="gi"><distance></span> element, for consistency with other elements in its class;</li><li class="item">changed content model for <a class="gi" title="(organization name) contains an organizational name." href="ref-orgName.html">orgName</a> element to make it more consistent with e.g. <a class="gi" title="(personal name) contains a proper noun or proper-noun phrase referring to a person, possibly including one or more of the person's forenames, surnames, honorifics, added names, etc." href="ref-persName.html">persName</a>;</li><li class="item">changed content model for <a class="gi" title="groups together dateline, byline, salutation, and similar phrases appearing as a preliminary group at the start of a division, especially of a letter." href="ref-opener.html">opener</a> element to include <a class="gi" title="contains a formal list or prose description of the topics addressed by a subdivision of a text." href="ref-argument.html">argument</a>, <a class="gi" title="contains the primary statement of responsibility given for a work on its title page or at the head or end of the work." href="ref-byline.html">byline</a>, and <a class="gi" title="contains a quotation, anonymous or attributed, appearing at the start or end of a section or on a title page." href="ref-epigraph.html">epigraph</a>;</li><li class="item">changed content models for <a class="gi" title="(apparatus entry) contains one entry in a critical apparatus, with an optional lemma and usually one or more readings or notes on the relevant passage." href="ref-app.html">app</a>, <a class="gi" title="(reading group) within a textual variation, groups two or more readings perceived to have a genetic relationship or other affinity." href="ref-rdgGrp.html">rdgGrp</a>, and <a class="gi" title="contains a list of one or more sigla of witnesses attesting a given reading, in a textual variation." href="ref-wit.html">wit</a> elements;</li><li class="item">revised attributes on <span class="gi"><hand></span> element.</li></ul><p>A number of content models were changed with a view to easing the creation of an XML compatible version of the Guidelines. Specifically: </p><ul class="bulleted"><li class="item">removed ampersand connectors from <a class="gi" title="(cited quotation) contains a quotation from some other document, together with a bibliographic reference to its source. In a dictionary it may contain an example text with at least one occurrence of the word form, used in the sense being described, or a translation of the headword, or an example." href="ref-cit.html">cit</a>, <a class="gi" title="(statement of responsibility) supplies a statement of responsibility for the intellectual content of a text, edition, recording, or series, where the specialized elements for authors, editors, etc. do not suffice or do not apply. May also be used to encode information about individuals or organizations which have played a role in the production or distribution of a bibliographic work." href="ref-respStmt.html">respStmt</a>, <a class="gi" title="(publication statement) groups information concerning the publication or distribution of an electronic or other text." href="ref-publicationStmt.html">publicationStmt</a>, and <a class="gi" title="encodes a graph, which is a collection of nodes, and arcs which connect the nodes." href="ref-graph.html">graph</a>;</li><li class="item">changed the mixed content models for <a class="gi" title="groups together all information relating to one word sense in a dictionary entry, for example definitions, examples, and translation equivalents." href="ref-sense.html">sense</a>, <a class="gi" title="(related entry) contains a dictionary entry for a lexical item related to the headword, such as a compound phrase or derived form, embedded inside a larger entry." href="ref-re.html">re</a>, <a class="gi" title="(personal name) contains a proper noun or proper-noun phrase referring to a person, possibly including one or more of the person's forenames, surnames, honorifics, added names, etc." href="ref-persName.html">persName</a>, <a class="gi" title="contains an absolute or relative place name." href="ref-placeName.html">placeName</a>, <a class="gi" title="(geographical name) identifies a name associated with some geographical feature such as Windrush Valley or Mount Sinai." href="ref-geogName.html">geogName</a>, <span class="gi"><dateStruct></span>, <span class="gi"><timeStruct></span>, and <a class="gi" title="contains a brief description of the place, date, time, etc. of production of a letter, newspaper story, or other work, prefixed or suffixed to it as a kind of heading or trailer." href="ref-dateline.html">dateline</a> to make them XML-conformant.</li></ul></div><div class="teidiv2" id="ppf-err"><div class="miniTOC miniTOC_right"><ul class="subtoc"><li class="subtoc"><span class="previousLink"> « </span><a class="navigation" href="PREFS.html#ppf-spc"><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.4.2 </span>Specific Changes in the DTD</a></li><li class="subtoc"></li><li class="subtoc"><a class="navigation" href="index.html">Home</a></li></ul></div><h4><span class="bookmarklink"><a class="bookmarklink" href="#ppf-err" title="link to this section "><span class="invisible">TEI: Outstanding Errors</span><span class="pilcrow">¶</span></a></span><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.4.3 </span><span class="head">Outstanding Errors</span></h4><p>A small number of other known problems remain uncorrected in this version and are briefly listed below. Please watch the TEI mailing list for announcements of their correction.</p><ul class="bulleted"><li class="item">elements of class <a class="link_odd" title="groups elements which can appear either within or between paragraph-like elements." href="ref-model.inter.html">model.inter</a> don't always behave as they should (e.g. one cannot insert a <a class="gi" title="contains text displayed in tabular form, in rows and columns." href="ref-table.html">table</a> before anything else in a <a class="gi" title="(text division) contains a subdivision of the front, body, or back of a text." href="ref-div.html">div</a>);</li><li class="item">some mixed-content problems consequent on the definition of <span class="ident-macro">macro.specialPara</span> need to be addressed systematically; in particular, the treatment of list items or notes which contain several paragraphs continues to surprise many users: no whitespace is allowed between the paragraphs;</li><li class="item">the <span class="att">resp</span> attributes on editorial elements are not consistently defined;</li><li class="item">the discussions of DTD invocation, and the DTD itself, all use system identifiers instead of formal public identifiers.</li></ul><p>Our next priority however will be the production of a fully XML-compliant version of the TEI DTD, work on which is already well advanced.</p><div class="signed">C.M. Sperberg-McQueen and Lou Burnard, May 1999</div></div></div><div class="teidiv1" id="PF"><div class="miniTOC miniTOC_right"><ul class="subtoc"><li class="subtoc"><span class="previousLink"> « </span><a class="navigation" href="PREFS.html#ppf"><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.4 </span>Introductory Note (May 1999)</a></li><li class="subtoc"><span class="nextLink"> » </span><a class="navigation" href="PREFS.html#WG"><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.6 </span>Acknowledgments</a></li><li class="subtoc"><a class="navigation" href="index.html">Home</a></li></ul></div><h3><span class="bookmarklink"><a class="bookmarklink" href="#PF" title="link to this section "><span class="invisible">TEI: Preface (April 1994)</span><span class="pilcrow">¶</span></a></span><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.5 </span><span class="head">Preface (April 1994)</span></h3><p>These Guidelines are the result of over five years' effort by members of the research and academic community within the framework of an international cooperative project called the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), established in 1987 under the joint sponsorship of the Association for Computers and the Humanities, the Association for Computational Linguistics, and the Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing. </p><p>The impetus for the project came from the humanities computing community, which sought a common encoding scheme for complex textual structures in order to reduce the diversity of existing encoding practices, simplify processing by machine, and encourage the sharing of electronic texts. It soon became apparent that a sufficiently flexible scheme could provide solutions for text encoding problems generally. The scope of the TEI was therefore broadened to meet the varied encoding requirements of any discipline or application. Thus, the TEI became the only systematized attempt to develop a fully general text encoding model and set of encoding conventions based upon it, suitable for processing and analysis of any type of text, in any language, and intended to serve the increasing range of existing (and potential) applications and use. </p><p>What is published here is a major milestone in this effort. It provides a single, coherent framework for all kinds of text encoding which is hardware-, software- and application-independent. Within this framework, it specifies encoding conventions for a number of key text types and features. The ongoing work of the TEI is to extend the scheme presented here to cover additional text types and features, as well as to continue to refine its encoding recommendations on the basis of extensive experience with their actual application and use. </p><p>We therefore offer these Guidelines to the user community for use in the same spirit of active collaboration and cooperation with which they have so far been developed. The TEI is committed to actively supporting the wide-spread and large-scale use of the Guidelines which, with the publication of this volume, is now for the first time possible. In addition, we anticipate that users of the TEI Guidelines will in some instances adapt and extend them as necessary to suit particular needs; we invite such users to engage in the further development of these Guidelines by working with us as they do so. </p><p>Like any standard which is actually used, these Guidelines do not represent a static finished work, but rather one which will evolve over time with the active involvement of its community of users. We invite and encourage the participation of the user community in this process, in order to ensure that the TEI Guidelines become and remain useful in all sorts of work with machine-readable texts. </p><p>This document was made possible in part by financial support from the U.S. National Endowment for the Humanities, an independent federal agency; Directorate General XIII of the Commission of the European Communities; the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation; and the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada. Direct and indirect support has also been received from the University of Illinois at Chicago, the Oxford University Computing Services, the University of Arizona, the University of Oslo and Queen's University (Kingston, Ont.), Bellcore (Bell Communications Research), the Istituto di Linguistica Computazionale (C.N.R.) Pisa, the British Academy, and Ohio State University, as well as the employers and host institutions of the members of the TEI working committees and work groups listed in the acknowledgments. </p><p>The production of this document has been greatly facilitated by the willingness of many software vendors to provide us with evaluation versions of their products. Most parts of this text have been processed at some time by almost every currently available SGML-aware software system. In particular, we gratefully acknowledge the assistance of the following vendors: </p><ul class="bulleted"><li class="item">Berger-Levrault AIS s.a. (for Balise);</li><li class="item">E2S n.v. (for E2S Advanced SGML Editor);</li><li class="item">Electronic Book Technology (for DynaText);</li><li class="item">SEMA Group and Yard Software (for Mark-It and Write-It);</li><li class="item">Software Exoterica (for CheckMark and Xtran);</li><li class="item">SoftQuad, Inc., (for Author/Editor and RulesBuilder);</li><li class="item">Xerox Corporation (for Ventura Publisher).</li></ul><p>Details of the software actually used to produce the current document are given in the colophon at the end of the work.</p></div><div class="teidiv1" id="WG"><div class="miniTOC miniTOC_right"><ul class="subtoc"><li class="subtoc"><span class="previousLink"> « </span><a class="navigation" href="PREFS.html#PF"><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.5 </span>Preface (April 1994)</a></li><li class="subtoc"></li><li class="subtoc"><a class="navigation" href="index.html">Home</a></li></ul></div><h3><span class="bookmarklink"><a class="bookmarklink" href="#WG" title="link to this section "><span class="invisible">TEI: Acknowledgments</span><span class="pilcrow">¶</span></a></span><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.6 </span><span class="head">Acknowledgments</span></h3><p>Many people have given of their time, energy, expertise, and support in the creation of this document; it is unfortunately not possible to thank them all adequately. Below are listed those who have served as formal members of the TEI's Work Groups and Working Committees during its six-year history; others not so officially enfranchised also contributed much to the quality of the result.</p><p>The editors take this opportunity to acknowledge our debt to those who have patiently endured and corrected our misunderstandings of their work; we hope that they will feel the wait has not been in vain. For any errors and inconsistencies remaining, we must accept responsibility; any virtue in what is here presented, we gladly ascribe to the energies of the keen intellects listed below.</p><p>C. M. Sperberg-McQueen and Lou Burnard</p><div class="teidiv2" id="WGWC"><div class="miniTOC miniTOC_right"><ul class="subtoc"><li class="subtoc"></li><li class="subtoc"><span class="nextLink"> » </span><a class="navigation" href="PREFS.html#WGAB"><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.6.2 </span>Advisory Board</a></li><li class="subtoc"><a class="navigation" href="index.html">Home</a></li></ul></div><h4><span class="bookmarklink"><a class="bookmarklink" href="#WGWC" title="link to this section "><span class="invisible">TEI: TEI Working Committees (1990-1993)</span><span class="pilcrow">¶</span></a></span><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.6.1 </span><span class="head">TEI Working Committees (1990-1993)</span></h4><div class="note" id="Note165"><span class="noteLabel">Note: </span>Not all members listed were able to serve throughout the development of the Guidelines.</div><dl><dt><span>Committee on Text Documentation:</span></dt><dd><p>Chair: Dominik Wujastyk (Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine)</p> <p>Members 1990–1992: J. D. Byrum (Library of Congress); Marianne Gaunt (Rutgers University); Richard Giordano (Manchester University); Barbara Ann Kipfer (Independent Consultant); Hans Jørgen Marker (Danish Data Archive, Odense); Marcia Taylor (University of Essex);</p></dd><dt><span>Committee on Text Representation</span></dt><dd><p>Chair: Stig Johansson (University of Oslo)</p> <p>Members 1990–1992: Roberto Cencioni (Commission of the European Communities); David R. Chesnutt (University of South Carolina); Robin C. Cover (Dallas Theological Seminary); Steven J. DeRose (Electronic Book Technology Inc); David G. Durand (Boston University); Susan M. Hockey (Oxford University Computing Service); Claus Huitfeldt (University of Bergen); Francisco Marcos-Marin (University Madrid); Elli Mylonas (Harvard University); Wilhelm Ott (University of Tübingen); Allen H. Renear (Brown University); Manfred Thaller (Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte, Göttingen)</p></dd><dt><span>Committee on Text Analysis and Interpretation</span></dt><dd><p>Chair: D. Terence Langendoen (University of Arizona)</p> <p>Members 1990–1992: Robert Amsler (Bell Communications Research); Stephen Anderson (Johns Hopkins University); Branimir Boguraev (IBM T. J. Watson Research Center); Nicoletta Calzolari (University of Pisa); Robert Ingria (Bolt Beranek Newman Inc); Winfried Lenders (University of Bonn); Mitch Marcus (University of Pennsylvania); Nelleke Oostdijk (University of Nijmegen); William Poser (Stanford University); Beatrice Santorini (University of Pennsylvania); Gary Simons (Summer Institute of Linguistics); Antonio Zampolli, University of Pisa.</p></dd><dt><span>Committee on Metalanguage and Syntax</span></dt><dd><p>Chair: David T. Barnard (Queen's University)</p> <p>Members 1990–1994: David G. Durand (Boston University); Jean-Pierre Gaspart (Associated Consultants and Software Engineers sa/nv); Nancy M. Ide (Vassar College); Lynne A. Price (Software Exoterica / Xerox PARC); Frank Tompa (University of Waterloo); Giovanni Battista Varile (Commission of the European Communities).</p></dd></dl><p>In addition, the two TEI editors served ex officio on each committee.</p><p>Following publication of the first draft of the TEI Guidelines (P1) in November 1990, a number of specialist work groups were charged with responsibility for drafting revisions and extensions, which, together with material already presented in P1, constitute the basis of the present work.</p><p>In addition, many members of the work groups listed below met on three occasions to review the emerging proposals in detail at technical review meetings convened by the TEI Steering Committee. These meetings, held in Myrdal, Norway (November 1991), Chicago (May 1992) and Oxford (May 1993), were largely responsible for the technical content and organization of the present work. Attendants at these meetings are starred in the list below. </p><dl><dt><span>TR1 Character sets</span></dt><dd>Chair: Harry Gaylord* (University of Groningen); Syun Tutiya* (Chiba University).</dd><dt><span>TR2 Text criticism</span></dt><dd>Chair: Peter Robinson* (Oxford University); David Chesnutt* (University of South Carolina); Robin Cover* (Dallas Theological Seminary); Robert Kraft (University of Pennsylvania); Peter Shillingsburg (Mississippi State University).</dd><dt><span>TR3 Hypertext and hypermedia</span></dt><dd>Chair: Steven J. DeRose* (Electronic Book Technologies Inc); David Durand (Boston University); Edward A. Fox (Virginia State University); Eve Wilson (University of Kent).</dd><dt><span>TR4 Formulæ, Tables, figures, and graphics</span></dt><dd>Chair: Paul Ellison* (University of Exeter); Anders Berglund (Independent Consultant); Dale Waldt (Thompson Professional Publishing).</dd><dt><span>TR6 Language corpora</span></dt><dd>Chair: Douglas Biber* (University of Northern Arizona); Jeremy Clear (Birmingham University); Gunnel Engwall (University of Stockholm).</dd><dt><span>TR9 Manuscripts and codicology</span></dt><dd>Chair: Claus Huitfeldt* (University of Bergen); Dino Buzzetti (University of Bologna); Jacqueline Hamesse (University of Louvain); Mary Keeler (Georgetown University); Christian Kloesel (Indiana University); Allen Renear* (Brown University); Donald Spaeth (Glasgow University).</dd><dt><span>TR10 Verse</span></dt><dd>Chair: David Robey* (University of Manchester); Elaine Brennan* (Brown University); David Chisholm (University of Arizona); Willard McCarty (University of Toronto).</dd><dt><span>TR11 Drama and performance texts</span></dt><dd>Chair: Elli Mylonas* (Harvard University); John Lavagnino* (Brandeis University); Rosanne Potter (University of Iowa).</dd><dt><span>TR12 Literary prose</span></dt><dd>Chair Thomas N. Corns* (University of Wales); Christian Delcourt (University of Liège). </dd><dt><span>AI1 Linguistic description</span></dt><dd>Chair: D. Terence Langendoen* (University of Arizona); Stephen R. Anderson (Johns Hopkins University); Nicoletta Calzolari (University of Pisa); Geoffrey Sampson* (University of Sussex); Gary Simons* (Summer Institute of Linguistics).</dd><dt><span>AI2 Spoken text</span></dt><dd>Chair: Stig Johansson* (University of Oslo); Jane Edwards (University of California at Berkeley); Andrew Rosta (University College London).</dd><dt><span>AI3 Literary studies</span></dt><dd>Chair: Paul Fortier* (University of Manitoba); Christian Delcourt (University of Liège;); Ian Lancashire (University of Toronto); Rosanne Potter (University of Iowa); David Robey* (University of Manchester).</dd><dt><span>AI4 Historical studies</span></dt><dd>Chair: Daniel Greenstein* (University of Glasgow); Peter Denley (Queen Mary Westfield College, London); Ingo Kropac (University of Graz); Hans Jørgen Marker (Danish Data Archive, Odense); Jan Oldervoll (University of Tromsø); Kevin Schurer (University of Cambridge); Donald Spaeth (Glasgow University); Manfred Thaller (Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte, Göttingen).<span id="Note166_return"><a class="notelink" title="This Workgroup was jointly sponsored by the Association for History and Computing." href="#Note166"><sup>2</sup></a></span></dd><dt><span>AI5 Print dictionaries</span></dt><dd>Chairs: Robert Amsler* (Bell Communications Research) and Nicoletta Calzolari (University of Pisa); Susan Armstrong-Warwick (University of Geneva); John Fought (University of Pennsylvania); Louise Guthrie (University of New Mexico); Nancy M. Ide* (Vassar College); Frank Tompa (University of Waterloo); Carol Van Ess-Dykema (US Department of Defense); Jean Veronis (University of Aix-en-Provence).</dd><dt><span>AI6 Machine lexica</span></dt><dd>Chair: Robert Ingria* (Bolt Beranek Newman Inc); Susan Armstrong-Warwick (University of Geneva); Nicoletta Calzolari (University of Pisa).</dd><dt><span>AI7 Terminological data</span></dt><dd>Chair: Alan Melby* (Brigham Young University) Gerhard Budin (University of Vienna); Gregory Shreve (Kent State University); Richard Strehlow (Oak Ridge National Laboratory); Sue Ellen Wright (Kent State University).</dd></dl></div><div class="teidiv2" id="WGAB"><div class="miniTOC miniTOC_right"><ul class="subtoc"><li class="subtoc"><span class="previousLink"> « </span><a class="navigation" href="PREFS.html#WGWC"><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.6.1 </span>TEI Working Committees (1990-1993)</a></li><li class="subtoc"><span class="nextLink"> » </span><a class="navigation" href="PREFS.html#WGSC"><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.6.3 </span>Steering Committee Membership</a></li><li class="subtoc"><a class="navigation" href="index.html">Home</a></li></ul></div><h4><span class="bookmarklink"><a class="bookmarklink" href="#WGAB" title="link to this section "><span class="invisible">TEI: Advisory Board</span><span class="pilcrow">¶</span></a></span><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.6.2 </span><span class="head">Advisory Board</span></h4><p>Members of the TEI Advisory Board during the lifetime of the project are listed below, grouped under the name of the organization represented. </p><dl><dt><span>American Anthropological Association:</span></dt><dd>Chad McDaniel (University of Maryland).</dd><dt><span>American Historical Association:</span></dt><dd>Elizabeth A. R. Brown (Brooklyn College, CUNY).</dd><dt><span>American Philological Association:</span></dt><dd>Jocelyn Penny Small (Rutgers University).</dd><dt><span>American Philosophical Association:</span></dt><dd>Allen Renear (Brown University).</dd><dt><span>American Society for Information Science:</span></dt><dd>Clifford A. Lynch (University of California).</dd><dt><span>Association for Computing Machinery, Special Interest Group for Information Retrieval:</span></dt><dd>1989–93: Scott Deerwester (University of Chicago); 1993- : Martha Evens (Illinois Institute of Technology).</dd><dt><span>Association for Documentary Editing:</span></dt><dd>David Chesnutt (University of South Carolina).</dd><dt><span>Association for History and Computing:</span></dt><dd>1989–91: Manfred Thaller, Max-Planck-Institut für Geschichte, Göttingen; 1991- : Daniel Greenstein (Glasgow University).</dd><dt><span>Association Internationale Bible et Informatique</span></dt><dd>1989–93: Wilhelm Ott (University of Tübingen); 1993- : Winfried Bader (University of Tübingen).</dd><dt><span>Canadian Linguistic Association:</span></dt><dd>Anne-Maria di Sciullo (Université du Québec à Montréal)</dd><dt><span>Dictionary Society of North America:</span></dt><dd>Barbara Ann Kipfer (Independent Consultant).</dd><dt><span>AAP Electronic Publishing Special Interest Group:</span></dt><dd>1989–92: Betsy Kiser (OCLC); 1992- : Deborah Bendig and Andrea Keyhani (OCLC).</dd><dt><span>International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions:</span></dt><dd>J. D. Byrum Jr. (The Library of Congress).</dd><dt><span>Linguistic Society of America:</span></dt><dd>Stephen Anderson (The Johns Hopkins University)</dd><dt><span>Modern Language Association:</span></dt><dd>Randall Jones (Brigham Young University) and Ian Lancashire (University of Toronto).</dd></dl></div><div class="teidiv2" id="WGSC"><div class="miniTOC miniTOC_right"><ul class="subtoc"><li class="subtoc"><span class="previousLink"> « </span><a class="navigation" href="PREFS.html#WGAB"><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.6.2 </span>Advisory Board</a></li><li class="subtoc"></li><li class="subtoc"><a class="navigation" href="index.html">Home</a></li></ul></div><h4><span class="bookmarklink"><a class="bookmarklink" href="#WGSC" title="link to this section "><span class="invisible">TEI: Steering Committee Membership</span><span class="pilcrow">¶</span></a></span><span class="headingNumber">Appendix G.6.3 </span><span class="head">Steering Committee Membership</span></h4><p>Members of the Steering Committee of the TEI during the preparation of this work were: </p><dl><dt><span>Association for Computational Linguistics:</span></dt><dd><ul class="bulleted"><li class="item">1987–1993: Robert A. Amsler (Bell Communications Research);</li><li class="item">1987–1993: Donald E. Walker (Bell Communications Research);</li><li class="item">1993–1994: Susan Armstrong-Warwick (University of Geneva);</li><li class="item">1994–1999: Judith Klavans (Columbia University).</li></ul></dd><dt><span>Association for Computers and the Humanities:</span></dt><dd><ul class="bulleted"><li class="item">1987–1999: Nancy M. Ide (Vassar College);</li><li class="item">1987–1994: C. M. Sperberg-McQueen (University of Illinois at Chicago);</li><li class="item">1994–1999: David Barnard (Queen's University).</li></ul></dd><dt><span>Association for Literary and Linguistic Computing:</span></dt><dd><ul class="bulleted"><li class="item">1987–1999: Susan M. Hockey (Center for Electronic Texts in the Humanities);</li><li class="item">1987–1999: Antonio Zampolli (University of Pisa).</li></ul></dd></dl></div></div></div><nav class="left"><span class="upLink"> ↑ </span><a class="navigation" href="index.html">TEI P5 Guidelines</a><span class="previousLink"> « </span><a class="navigation" href="BIB.html"><span class="headingNumber">Appendix F </span>Bibliography</a><span class="nextLink"> » </span><a class="navigation" href="COL.html"><span class="headingNumber">Appendix H </span>Colophon</a></nav><!--Notes in [div]--><div class="notes"><div class="noteHeading">Notes</div><div class="note" id="Note164"><span class="noteLabel">1 </span><div class="noteBody"><span class="titlem">TEI ED W69</span>, available from the TEI web site at <a class="link_ptr" href="http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/ED/edw69.htm"><span>http://www.tei-c.org/Vault/ED/edw69.htm</span></a>.</div> <a class="link_return" title="Go back to text" href="#Note164_return">↵</a></div><div class="note" id="Note166"><span class="noteLabel">2 </span><div class="noteBody">This Workgroup was jointly sponsored by the Association for History and Computing.</div> <a class="link_return" title="Go back to text" href="#Note166_return">↵</a></div></div><div class="stdfooter autogenerated"><p>
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